Progressing on implementation of EU waste policies Małgorzata GOŁĘBIEWSKA DG ENVIRONMENT B3 – Waste management and secondary materials

7th Environment Action Programme Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) Waste Treatment Operations Framework Legislation Waste Shipment Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU) Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC) Sewage Sludge (86/278/EEC) Batteries & Accumulators (2006/66/EC) Packaging & Packaging Waste (94/62/EC) PCBs, PCTs, POPs (Directive 96/59/EC and Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 ) End-of-Life Vehicles (2000/53/EC) Electrical & Electronic Equipment (2012/19/EU) Extractive Waste (2006/21/EC) Waste Streams Restrictions on the Use of Hazardous Substances in WEEE (2011/65/EU)

Key 2020 waste –related objectives 7th Environment Action Programme (EAP) Key 2020 waste –related objectives Full implementation of EU waste legislation based on waste hierarchy (prevention/re-use/recycling/energy recovery/disposal) Waste generated per capita and absolute waste generation in decline Energy recovery limited to non-recyclable materials Phasing out landfilling (limited to non-recyclable and non-recoverable) waste More systematic use of market-based instruments including Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Strategy to combat food waste and increase composting/biomethanisation

Innovation, Investment & Monitoring Secondary raw materials Circular Economy Key action areas Production Consumption Innovation, Investment & Monitoring Secondary raw materials Waste management plays a central role in CE Waste Management

The Waste Framework Directive: some key provisions Art. 1: overall objectives - reduce adverse impacts & improve resource efficiency Art. 4: the waste hierarchy Art. 11: Separate collection of at least paper, metal, plastic, glass by 2015 to promote high quality recycling Recycling targets for MSW and CDW Art 14: costs of waste management to be borne by waste producers or waste holders ('polluter pays')

The Landfill Directive: some key provisions Art. 5.2: landfilling of municipal biodegradable waste to be reduced to 35% of 1995 levels Art. 6: ban on the landfilling of untreated waste (cf. ECJ ruling of 2014 in the Malagrotta case)

EU waste policy - progress EU average recycling rate in 2015: 45%; steady increase since 2000 (when data started being reported) Source: ESTAT; EU27 years 2000-2006; EU28 years 2007-2015

Municipal Waste Management (EU MS, 2015) Source:Eurostat EU average recycling & composting in 2015: 45%; incineration: 26,5%, landfilling: 25,6%; BUT only 8 MS above the average and 20 below with 9 MS with landfill rates significantly > 40% Municipal waste generation per capita decreasing from 524 kg/capita in 2007 to 476 kg/capita in 2015 (slightly below 10%)

Implementation – key priority COM working to help reduce the implementation gaps 'Compliance promotion' – various waste streams Early Warning – 2020 municipal waste recycling The new Environmental Policy Review (EIR) mechanism Enforcement

Compliance promotion Based on policy dialogue and advice Several strands of work for specific waste streams/issues Compliance promotion exercise for municipal waste management has so far covered 18 Member States MS are often facing similar problems – lack of coherent planning, responsibility for meeting the targets, inadequate economic signals, inefficient EPR, lack of enforcement MS facing similar problems: National targets not cascaded to regional / municipal level or minimal consequence of failure Low costs of disposal Good policies but not enforced (lacking political will) Regulatory uncertainty / continuous small changes Inadequate appraisal of best practice options in policy design No / insufficient frameworks for consistency, leading to highly variable, sometimes poorly implemented systems Outdated data capture systems providing uncertainty about existing performance and thus gap to close Minimal / no capacity to design and deliver selective collection systems Inefficient EPR schemes - no integration between EPR schemes and MSW services / fragmentation of responsibilities Packaging recycling rates often appear overestimated, reducing needed finances and effort from producers Overreliance on EU funds / lack of sustainable revenue streams / low cost recovery Lack of effective communication campaigns 10

Compliance promotion Typical recommendations include: Ensure solid and coherent waste management plans, based on reliable data + mindful of 2020 & 2030 targets Make use of EU funds for long-term investments Step up efforts to prevent waste generation Extend separate collection Improve bio-waste management Use economic instruments to incentivise recycling and re-use 11

Sharing good practices and experiences across the EU Best practice Sharing good practices and experiences across the EU New instrument – EIR P2P tool!! Separate collection in EU capitals – Ljubljana Use of economic instruments – the Walloon region Bio-waste management – Milano (+ other parts of Italy) Combining very high recycling rates & low fees – Treviso province Tackling specific waste challenges facing islands – Corsica Views and policy on MBTs - France 12

Waste prevention Waste generation by production and consumption activities in EEA countries The graph - Economic production and consumption in Europe is becoming less waste intensive, even after the economic downturn since 2008 is factored into the analysis. For example, as illustrated in Figure 1, waste generation from manufacturing in the EU-28 and Norway declined by 25% in absolute terms between 2004 and 2012, despite an increase of 7% in sectoral economic output. Waste generation from the service sector declined by 23% in the same period, despite an increase of 13% in sectoral economic output. Turning to consumption, total municipal waste generation in EEA countries declined by 2% between 2004 and 2012, despite a 7% increase in real household expenditure. Per capita generation of municipal waste declined by 5% in the same period, falling from 503 to 478 kg/capita.

Waste prevention Waste Framework Directive CE Package Waste hierarchy Waste Prevention Programmes More ambition on waste prevention in the COM proposal to review WFD: separate collection obligation extended to biowaste, Waste prevention article. CE Package Initiatives on food waste prevention Eco-design work plan - resource efficiency, reparability, recyclability and durability to be examined Food waste: - Stakeholder’s platform on food waste prevention launched Progress in developing an EU methodology to measure food waste EU guidelines to facilitate food donations and use former foodstuff as feed (adopted in Oct 2017) - more consistent interpretation by Member States regulatory authorities of EU rules applying to food redistribution, this reduces food waste, avoids that the former foodstuffs are burned or landfilled and instead substitutes cereals and oil seed in the animals’ diets, at the same time freeing land for the production of food and reducing the EU dependence on imported feed. Date marking to prevent food waste – exploring the options Waste Prevention Article: New Art. 9 Prevention of waste 1. Member States shall take measures to prevent waste generation. These measures shall: encourage the use of products that are resource efficient, durable, reparable and recyclable; identify and target products that are the main sources of raw materials of a high importance to the economy of the Union and whose supply is associated with a high risk to prevent that those materials become waste; encourage the setting up of systems promoting reuse activities, including in particular for electrical and electronic equipment, textiles and furniture; reduce waste generation in processes related to industrial production, extraction of minerals and construction and demolition, taking into account best available techniques; reduce the generation of food waste in primary production, in processing and manufacturing, in retail and other distribution of food, in restaurants and food services as well as in households. 2. Member States shall monitor and assess the implementation of the waste prevention measures. For that purpose, they shall use appropriate qualitative or quantitative indicators and targets, notably on the per capita quantity of municipal waste that is disposed of or subject to energy recovery. 3. Member States shall monitor and assess the implementation of their food waste prevention measures by measuring food waste on the basis of methodologies established in accordance with paragraph 4. 4. The Commission may adopt implementing acts to establish indicators to measure the overall progress in the implementation of waste prevention measures. In order to ensure uniform measurement of the levels of food waste, the Commission shall adopt an implementing act to establish a common methodology, including minimum quality requirements. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 39(2). 5. Every year, the European Environment Agency shall publish a report describing the evolution as regards the prevention of waste generation for each Member State and for the Union as a whole, including on decoupling of waste generation from economic growth and on the transition towards a circular economy.' Eco-design work plan: During the upcoming eco-design and energy labelling reviews the Commission will examine how aspects relevant to the circular economy, such as resource efficiency, reparability, recyclability and durability can be assessed and taken on board when revising the existing measures. (house appliances, TVs, kettles, hand dryers but also ICT products)

Thank you for your attention! http://ec.europa.eu/environment/circular-economy/index_en.htm http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/framework/support_implementation.htm http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/prevention/index.htm http://ec.europa.eu/environment/eir/p2p/index_en.htm