Enzymes

TSWBAT determine enzyme activity by testing the enzyme is a series of abiotic factors -determine the substrate in which the enzyme breaks down What is the enzyme you are using in this lab? What is the substrate in this lab? What type of macromolecule is it? What does the enzyme break the substrate down into?

What were the results for each part? TSWBAT determine enzyme activity by testing the enzyme is a series of abiotic factors -determine the substrate in which the enzyme breaks down Identify the independent and dependent variables in each part of the experiment What were the results for each part?

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts Catalyst – any substrate that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction. Carry out the same function over and over again Without enzymes chemical reactions would happen too slowly to keep a cell alive!

Function Digestion, synthesis, respiration, and photosynthesis (autotrophs) 3-Dimensional shape Shape influences what they work on and how they work Amino acid chains determine the shape

Substrate The molecule a particular enzyme works on Sucrase works on sucrose Amylase works on starch Most enzymes end in “ase”

Importance of shape The 3-d shape influences their functions and interactions with molecules Anything that alters the shape of an enzyme or alters the amino acid bonds changes the enzyme’s ability to function. http://www.biotopics.co.uk/other/enzyme.html

Reaction rates All enzymes have an optimal temperature and pH (that is where they work best) Drastic changes can denature the enzyme (change the shape of the protein) –it will no longer THIS IS CALLED DENATURED!!

Enzyme graph

Signals Other chemicals in your body turn your enzymes on or off – binding signals Not all cells have the same enzymes Effects of heat, acidity, and concentration Competitive Inhibitors and non-competitive inhibitor

Another type of signal http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Biology1111/animations/enzyme.html