Objectives Describe the origins, beliefs, and development of Hinduism. Explain the origins, beliefs, and practices of Buddhism. Describe Minoan civilization. Identify contributions of the Phoenicians. Summarize the extent and impact of ancient world trade. Procedure: 3.2,3 Bell Ringer: “Today we will be learning about cultures that engaged in international trade. What are some examples of things you own that come from other countries?” Lecture/Discussion Homework Review Homework Read Chapter 3.4,4.1 and answer the questions at the end of each section. Guided Reading 3.2,3
Chapter 3: Section 2 Hinduism and Buddhism Develop The beliefs of the Vedic Age develop into Hinduism and Buddhism.
Hinduism Evolves Over the Centuries Collection of religious beliefs that developed slowly over time (1a) No one founder with a single set of ideas Origins and Beliefs 750-500 B.C. Hindu teachers create Upanishads (4a)—texts of teachings Each person has atman—soul united with all others in Brahman (2a) In reincarnation--, people reborn to new lives A soul’s good and bad deeds, karma, determines course of new life (5a)
Hinduism Evolves Over Centuries Hinduism Changes and Develops Over last 2,500 years different forms of gods grow in importance (3a) Today, Hindus choose own path to moksha—a state of perfect understanding (6a) Hinduism and Society Hinduism strengthened the caste system
Gods Krishna playing the flute and Balarma holding horn
Hinduism Evolves Over Centuries New Religions Arise Jainism, a new religion, arises in 500 B.C. Jains will not harm any creature They work in trade; practice religious tolerance
The Buddha Seeks Enlightenment Siddhartha Gutama Founder of Buddhism (1b); priests prophesized his greatness Siddhartha’s Quest Raised in isolation, Siddhartha Guatama wants to learn about the world Seeks enlightenment (wisdom), how to escape human suffering Tries many methods; gains enlightenment by meditating Becomes the Buddha, the “enlightened one”
Life of Buddha showing him being offered herbs, Tibet
The Buddha Seeks Enlightenment Origins and Beliefs Buddha begins to teach followers Preaches Four Noble Truths—basic philosophy of Buddhism Fourth Noble Truth is to follow the Eightfold Path to achieve nirvana (2b) Nirvana: (2b) A perfect state of understanding A release from selfishness and pain A break from the chain of reincarnations, rebirths Buddha rejects caste system and multiple gods of Hinduism (3b)
The Buddha Seeks Enlightenment The Religious Community Some followers devote lives to religion, become monks and nuns (6b) Three bases of Buddhism: Buddha, religious community, teachings Buddhism and Society Many followers at first among poor and lower caste Monks and nuns spread Buddha’s teachings (5b) Teachings written to become sacred literature (4b)
Statue of Buddha, India
The Buddha Seeks Enlightenment Buddhism in India Spread to other parts of Asia Never gains firm hold in India; Hinduism remains strong Buddhist pilgrims often visit India (6b) Trade and the Spread of Buddhism Buddhism spreads by traders to: Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Sumatra China, Korea, Japan (Interactive)
Hindu India and Buddhist Sites, 563-483 B.C.
Chapter 3: Section 3 Seafaring Traders Trading Societies extend the development of civilizations beyond the Crescent region.
Minoans Trade in the Mediterranean The Minoan People The Minoans, powerful seafaring people, live on Crete in Aegean Sea Dominate trade in eastern Mediterranean from 2000 to 1400 B.C. Culture influences others, especially Greeks The bull had special significance in Minoan history and culture (4)
Minoan Civilization
Minoans Trade in the Mediterranean Unearthing a Brilliant Civilization Excavations of Knossos, capital city of Minoan civilization, revealed: Minoans were peaceful (1), athletic, lovers of nature and beauty (2) Women had major role, especially in religion (3) Sacrificed animals, and sometimes people, to gods Archaeologists name civilization Minoa after King Minos King Minos—legendary king who owned a minotaur
Detail of Minoan wall painting of woman carrying vessel in procession (about 1400 B.C.)
Minoans Trade in the Mediterranean Minoan Culture’s Mysterious End Earthquakes in 1700 B.C. cause damage, but Minoans rebuild In 1470 B.C. major earthquakes and volcanic eruption Minoans never recover from disasters Invaders from Greece take Minoan lands
Phoenicians Spread Trade and Civilization The Phoenician People Phoenicians—powerful traders in wealthy city- states along Mediterranean Skilled shipbuilders, seafarers (5); sailed around continent of Africa Commercial Outposts Around the Mediterranean Phoenicians set up colonies in western and central Mediterranean Famous for red-purple dye produced from snail (6)
Phoenician trading ship arriving at Pharos, Alexandria, Egypt Phoenician trading ship arriving at Pharos, Alexandria, Egypt. Watercolor
Murex, the mollusk shell from which red-purple dye is made.
Phoenicians Spread Trade and Civilization Phoenicia’s Great Legacy: The Alphabet Developed system of writing to record trade deals (7) Later developed into western alphabet
Alphabets-Ancient and Modern
Ancient Trade Routes Trade Links Peoples Land routes link Mediterranean world and Asia Indian traders sail to Southeast Asia and Indoneesia Trade helps spread culture, ideas, religion
Objectives Describe the origins, beliefs, and development of Hinduism. Explain the origins, beliefs, and practices of Buddhism. Describe Minoan civilization. Identify contributions of the Phoenicians. Summarize the extent and impact of ancient world trade. Procedure: 3.2,3 Bell Ringer: “Today we will be learning about cultures that engaged in international trade. What are some examples of things you own that come from other countries?” Lecture/Discussion Homework Review Homework Read Chapter 3.4,4.1 and answer the questions at the end of each section. Guided Reading 3.2,3
Reincarnation
Belief that the soul is reborn
Karma
Good or bad deeds
Jainism
Religion that teaches every living creature has a soul and no living creature has a soul and no living creature can be harmed
Siddhartha Gautama
Founder of Buddhism
Enlightenment
Wisdom
Nirvana
Buddha’s word for release from selfishness and pain
Terms: Buddhism- Nirvana, Hinduism- Moksha Caste system Many gods Both Reincarnation Enlightenment Cyclical history Buddhism Four Noble Truths Middle Way Terms: Buddhism- Nirvana, Hinduism- Moksha
3. What are the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism?
Life is suffering, caused by desire; to end suffering, end desire; to overcome desire, follow the Middle Way.
4. How has Hinduism influenced social structure in India?
It strengthened the caste system.
5. How did Buddhism spread?
By missionaries and trade.
Minoans
Group of powerful seafaring people
Aegean Sea
Sea between modern day Greece and Turkey
Knossos
Minoan capital city
King Minos
King of Knossos
Phoenicians
Most powerful traders along the Mediterranean
Minoan Phoenician Traders City-States Bull Leapers Dye Pottery Alphabet Sample Answer: Alphabet, because of far reaching consequences.
3. What did the excavations at Knossos reveal about Minoan culture?
Was an advanced, thriving culture
4. Where did the Phoenicians settle and trade?
Around the Mediterranean
5. Why did the Phoenicians develop a writing system?
To keep business records.
Objectives Describe the origins, beliefs, and development of Hinduism. Explain the origins, beliefs, and practices of Buddhism. Describe Minoan civilization. Identify contributions of the Phoenicians. Summarize the extent and impact of ancient world trade. Procedure: 3.2,3 Bell Ringer: “Today we will be learning about cultures that engaged in international trade. What are some examples of things you own that come from other countries?” Lecture/Discussion Homework Review Homework Read Chapter 3.4,4.1 and answer the questions at the end of each section. Guided Reading 3.2,3