Open Education Resource: Vitamins- chemistry, sources and diseases Work done as part of AICTE approved FDP201x Pedagogy for Online and Blended Teaching-Learning Process Lesson 7 : Vitamin K – chemistry, sources and diseases RC1128_Team 85 Dr. Zeenat N. Kashmiri, Department of Zoology Dr. Sujata A. Mankar , Department of Microbiology OER on “Vitamins– chemistry, sources and diseases” by Department of Zoology and Microbiology, Dada Ramchand Bakhru Sindhu Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur (MS), India, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License. You are free to use, distribute and modify it, including for commercial purposes, provided you acknowledge the source and share-alike.To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Vitamins Learning Objectives Target Audience Tags of OER Able to classify different types of vitamins Explain deficiency diseases cause by vitamins Understand role of vitamins Identify foods that contain vitamins we needs daily Target Audience Undergraduate student those who opt Biological Sciences as one of the subject Tags of OER Vitamins, fat soluble vitamin, water soluble vitamin, sources, toxicity, role of vitamins   Tools used in OER Creation Microsoft Power Point used to create presentation (ppt) to be uploaded on MOODLE site which is created as OER

Vitamin K Contents Introduction Chemistry of Vitamin K Sources of Vitamin K Recommendation (RDA) Biochemical function Diseases/Deficiency of Vitamin K Practice questions References

Vitamin K Introduction Vitamins are the nutrients our bodies need in order to maintain functions such as immunity and metabolism. Fat soluble vitamin is the classification of vitamins that are stored in fat cells when excess is present. 1939 : Dam & co-workers isolated ‘Vitamin K’ from the plant ‘Alfalfa’ Edward Doisy & associates : isolated another factor in the same year from fish –‘Vitamin K2 Dam & Doisy were awarded Nobel prize in the year 1943 Vitamin K is also known as phylloquinone naturally produced by the bacteria in the intestines, and partially stored in liver of animals plays an essential role in normal blood clotting, promoting bone health, and helping to produce proteins for blood, bones, and kidneys It is used in synthesizing gamma carboxy glutamate, a post-translationally modified amino acid in prothrombin

Vitamin K Chemistry of Vitamin K Phylloquinone Different compounds with Vitamin K activity were isolated from different sources Vitamin K1: Phylloquinone (present in most edible vegetables) Vitamin K2: Menaquinone(present in fish & produced by intestinal bacteria) Vitamin K3: Menadione -All compounds are structurally related to this simpler compound Phylloquinone Fig.- Structure of phylloquinone

Vitamin K Sources of Vitamin K Green, leafy-vegetables such as turnip, greens, spinach, cauliflower, cabbage and broccoli, and certain vegetables oils including soybean oil, cottonseed oil, canola oil and olive oil. Animal foods, like beef liver , contain limited amounts of vitamin K. Avacado Broccoli Spinach Turnip Green tea Beef liver

Vitamin K

Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) Vitamin K Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) Males and females age 14 - 18: 75 mcg/day; Males and females age 19 and older: 90 mcg/day New born: 500- 1000 μg once 1- 6 Months: 5 mg/day 6- 12 Months: 15 mg/day Adult: 80 mg/Kg (body weight) / day

Vitamin K Biochemical functions Main function : Promotion of coagulation of blood by helping in post-translational modification of clotting factors Vitamin K dependent clotting factors : II(prothrombin), VII(SPCA), IX(Christmas factor) & X(Stuart-Prower factor) Vitamin K acts at the ribosomal level, combining with a regulatory protein →helps in synthesis of clotting factors plays an essential role in normal blood clotting, promoting bone health, and helping to produce proteins for blood, bones, and kidneys It is used in synthesizing gamma carboxy glutamate, a post-translationally modified amino acid in prothrombin

Vitamin K Vitamin K Deficiency Vitamin K deficiency causes ‘Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn’ Vitamin K deficiency may appear in infants or in people who take anticoagulants, such as Coumadin (warfarin), or antibiotic drugs. Newborn babies lack the intestinal bacteria to produce vitamin K and need a supplement for the first week. Those on anticoagulant drugs (blood thinners) may become vitamin K deficient, but should not change their vitamin K intake without consulting a physician. People taking antibiotics may lack vitamin K temporarily because intestinal bacteria are sometimes killed as a result of long-term use of antibiotics. People with chronic diarrhea may have problems absorbing sufficient amounts of vitamin K through the intestine

Vitamin K Vitamin K Toxicity Vitamin K, excessive amounts can cause the breakdown of red blood cells and liver damage. People taking blood-thinning drugs or anticoagulants should moderate their intake of foods with vitamin K, because excess vitamin K can alter blood clotting times. Large doses of vitamin K are not advised.

Take a pause and answer the following question Vitamin K Take a pause and answer the following question Practice Questions Q.1- Write down different sources of Vitamin K . Q.2- What are different biochemical functions of Vitamin K? Q.3- Describe the diseases causes by deficiency of Vitamin K. Q.4 - What are the deficiency effects of Vitamin K ? Contact us – kashmiri_zeenat@yahoo.com & sujataabhi09@gmail.com

Vitamin K References Physiology by C.C. Chatergi Vitamins by M. G. Rajanandh www.google.com ppt of Vitamin K by Ravi kumar. M

Vitamin K THANK YOU