Learning Objectives: Explain where the earth’s matter comes from Explain where the earth’s energy comes from Know what all 12 of the “Levels of Life” are, AND in the proper order Be able to tell if and how two creatures are from the same species
Think of the earth as ship in a bottle Especially when considering the properties of Mass and Energy
No, the total amount of mass is constant! MASS of the Earth = 5.9736 × 1024 kg 5,973,600,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg Can the ship OR the earth gain more mass from the outside? No, the total amount of mass is constant! (except meteorites) So on Earth, the Mass is constant; meaning the Earth, like the ship, is a CLOSED System
Yes, energy (sunlight) is always being absorbed Can the ship or the earth gain more energy from the outside? Yes, energy (sunlight) is always being absorbed (the sun powers photosynthesis and the greenhouse effect) So on Earth (like the ship) ENERGY is always coming in, meaning the Earth in this sense is an OPEN System Best guess: 1350 Watts per square meter at the top of the atmosphere
Biotic: referring to anything that is living or once was living . Sometimes the word “Organic” is used in the same way Abiotic: referring to anything that is not alive and never has been. Often the same as saying “Inorganic”
Levels of Life Pg 99 The biosphere Organelles Cell Ecosystems Cells Organisms Populations Communities Cells Organelles Molecules Tissues Organs and organ systems Cell 1 µm Atoms 10 µm 50 µm
The BIG picture
First Level of Life (cells)
Compound/Molecule: a group of atoms bonded together Atom: The smallest unit of an element that still “behaves” like that element (these properties are lost or changed if an atom is broken down further) Compound/Molecule: a group of atoms bonded together (EX: CO2, glucose, ATP, DNA) Organelle: a specialized sub-unit in a cell that is separately enclosed in its own membrane (mitochondria, Nucleus, Golgi, RER, ER, etc), called the “organs of cells”
Cell: smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living (can grow, reproduce, has metabolism, response to stimuli) EX: skin cells, liver cells, hair and heart cells … Tissue: a group of cells that perform the same general function (Ex: muscle tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue, bone marrow)
Organ and organ systems: A group of tissues that perform a specific function (ex Heart, Lungs, Bones, Stomach, Skin….) Organism: an individual life form (duh!) Species: groups of organisms that can mate AND produce FERTILE OFFSPRING (this level is not shown on the pictures)
Horse Donkey Not Same Species Hinny or Mule (sterile)
Tiger Lion Not Same Species Tigon or Liger (Both essentially sterile)
…remember “mate AND produce fertile offspring” 1. Insect A Insect B 2. Insect D Insect E Insect C (sterile) Insect F (fertile) A & B : different species of insect D & E : same species of insect Do we have the idea yet?… …remember “mate AND produce fertile offspring” Continuing on with our list…
Population: a collection of a single species located in one area Ex: The Sandia Mountain black bear population Community: ALL the different species that are sharing one area (must all be living things) Ex: Trees, Birds, Bears, Ants, Grass…in the Sandia Mountains (all biotic factors)
Ecosystem: all the species (biotic) in one area, PLUS the non-living (abiotic) things in a particular area Ex: ALL species & streams/rivers, soil, mountains (all biotic + abiotic factors) in the Sandia Mountain Range
Biosphere: all the biomes that make up the earth Biome: Ecosystems around the world that share similar types of climates (precipitation and temperature cycles) and often similar types of vegetation (plant life) Ex: Deserts, Tundra, Tropical Rain Forest, Tropical Dry Forest Taiga, Grasslands, Savannahs, Temperate Forest etc….pg100 Biosphere: all the biomes that make up the earth End
Climate of Biomes
Levels of Life The biosphere Organelles Cell Ecosystems Cells Atoms Organisms Populations Communities Cells Organelles Molecules Tissues Organs and organ systems Cell 1 µm Atoms 10 µm 50 µm
Biomes