Further Information Requested in the Proposal (SPSC-P-330) Review Process by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration Progress since February 2007 Addendum-2 Addendum-2: CERN-SPSC-2007-019, SPSC-P-330 (June 15, 2007) Addendum-1: CERN-SPSC-2007-004, SPSC-P-330 (January 25, 2007) Proposal: CERN-SPSC-2006-034, SPSC-P-330 (November 3, 2006) Status Report: CERN-SPSC-2006-023, SPSC-SR-010 (September 5, 2006) LoI: CERN-SPSC-2006-001, SPSC-I-235 (January 6, 2006) EoI: CERN-SPSC-2003-031, SPSC-EOI-001 (November 21, 2003) M. Gazdzicki, Frankfurt, Kielce

The NA61/SHINE Collaboration: 118 physicists from 25 institutes and 15 countries: University of Athens, Athens, Greece University of Bari and INFN, Bari, Italy University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland KFKI IPNP, Budapest, Hungary Cape Town University, Cape Town, South Africa Jagellionian University, Cracow, Poland Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia Fachhochschule Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany Swietokrzyska Academy, Kielce, Poland Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia LPNHE, Universites de Paris VI et VII, Paris, France Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia State University of New York, Stony Brook, USA KEK, Tsukuba, Japan Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland NA61/SHINE

Physics of strongly interacting matter Physics goals (I): Physics of strongly interacting matter Discovery potential: quark-gluon plasma Search for the critical point of strongly interacting matter Precision measurements: transition Study the properties of the onset of deconfinement in nucleus-nucleus collisions Measure hadron production at high transverse momenta in p+p and p+Pb collisions as reference for Pb+Pb results hadron gas

Data for neutrino and cosmic ray experiments Physics goals (II): Data for neutrino and cosmic ray experiments Precision measurements: Super-Kamiokande Measure hadron production in the T2K target needed for the T2K (neutrino) physics Measure hadron production in p+C interactions needed for T2K and cosmic-ray, Pierre Auger Observatory and KASCADE, experiments Extensive air shower

Progress since February 2007 (the presentation of the proposal at the SPSC) - a 30-day long pilot proton run in 2007 was recommended by the SPSC, approved by the RB and scheduled in October 2007 Thank you very much !!! - the new experiment was given the CERN number: NA61 the NA61 collaboration selected a nickname: SHINE (Sps Heavy Ion and Neutrino Experiment) - first dedicated NA61 grants are approved, in particular: -Polish groups: about 200k CHF, -Swiss groups: about 50k CHF (150k CHF approval pending) - preparations of the 2007 run are progressing well, in particular: -the NA49/61 software/analysis/simulation school took place in May in Frankfurt, -weekly detector and software audio meetings are organized, -design and construction of the forward TOF detector is in progress, -construction of the PSD super-module is in progress, -tests of the electronics for the TPC read-out upgrade are performed, -a 4-day long test run was preformed in June 7-11 - intense discussions with the SPSC referees on the 2008-2011 program led to the formulation of the addendum-2 to the proposal

The June test of the proton beam at 30 GeV and the Beam Position Detectors The secondary positively charged hadron beam at 30 GeV contains about 30% protons. About 5000 protons per spill were measured, this number can be still increased, but it is already large enough for the 2007 run. The NA49 BPDs were tested using different Ar/C02 mixtures and HV settings. The detector repaired in Krakow showed good performance, the other two detectors will be refurbished before the October run

Detailed information concerning: Addendum-2 Detailed information concerning: - tasks, responsibilities and manpower - 2007 run: data calibration and analysis - strategy concerning software and IT resources (the IT estimate of computing requirements and costs for NA61) - experimental uncertainties in the search for the critical point - strategy of data taking with ions - additional justification for neutrino running - further justification of runs for the cosmic-ray experiments - updated beam request

tasks, responsibilities and manpower NA49 experts are indicated in italic The fraction of time devoted to NA61 is indicated in square brackets

tasks, responsibilities and manpower

2007 run: data calibration and analysis The calibration procedure of NA61 will be based on the procedure developed and used for many year by NA49. It consists of 9 sequential steps resulting in optimized parameters for: - detector geometry and drift velocity, - magnetic field, - residual distortion correction, - specific energy loss, - time of flight and parametrization of: - position errors of TPC points - maximum number of TPC points on track The calibration will be done by NA49 experts or under their supervision. The total time of the calibration procedure is estimated to be 5 months. Thus the physics analysis will start in spring 2008 and preliminary results are expected in fall 2008.

strategy concerning software and IT resources (the IT estimate of computing requirements and costs for NA61) NA61 will use the NA49 software for at least the 2-3 first years of running. Conversion of the software to the SLC4 LINUX is completed, this guarantees a stable software during the next years. The raw data will be stored and reconstructed using CERN IT resources. The final physics analysis based on the ROOT mini-DSTs will be done on clusters in the participating institutes:

strategy concerning software and IT resources (the IT estimate of computing requirements and costs for NA61) The cost of the CERN IT resources will be payed by the participating groups

experimental uncertainties in the search for the critical point The multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations are predicted (Phys. Rev. D60, 114028 (1999)) to increase (∆  0.1 and ∆PT  10 MeV/c) in the vicinity of the critical point. This prediction is used to study the experimental resolution of NA61 in the search for the critical point. The following uncertainties were quantified (simulations and/or NA49 data): - statistical errors, - systematic error due to variation of the background fluctuations, - systematic error due to the uncertainty in the measurement of the number of projectile spectators, - systematic error due to reconstruction efficiency and the small contribution of non-vertex tracks. An example: ''background'' fluctuations in the UrQMD model + CP signal in S+S at 80A GeV

experimental uncertainties in the search for the critical point

strategy of data taking with ions Conclusions: The proposed (collision energy)-(system size) scan with ion beams is necessary for a conclusive and comprehensive results on the critical point and onset of deconfinement. The original suggested sequence of data taking can be, however, optimized in order to increase the probability to observe indications of the new physics in the shortest time. Taking this into account we propose to start ion data taking in 2009 with S+S interactions and continue with In+In (2010) and C+C (2011)

S+S collisions are optimal strategy of data taking with ions Arguments: S+S Pb+Pb Relative yield of strange hadrons is independent of the system size starting from central S+S collisions Simple thermodynamical models can be used already for central S+S collisions Simple thermodynamical models can be used already for central S+S collisions Large systems (A > 30) are preferred 158A GeV S+S Pb+Pb Freeze-out temperature decreases with increasing system size. 158A GeV Small systems freeze-out close to the transition line Small systems are preferred S+S collisions are optimal

E E additional justification for neutrino running Detailed study of the requirements concerning NA61-T2K data The T2K physics goals require measurement of the far/near ratio with a precision better than 3%. Without NA61 uncertainty is at least 20% (based on MC studies). Example: MARS/G-FLUKA FLUKA/G-FLUKA E E ratio of far/near ratios

additional justification for neutrino running Requirements concerning the NA61 measurements: Statistical accuracy -> 1-1.5M interactions per reaction Systematic error -> < 3% for pions and < 10% for kaons NA49 reached this performance Reactions: p+C and p+(T2K target) at 30, 40 and 50 GeV (optional p+(10cm target) at 30, 40 and 50 GeV) Acceptance:

additional justification for neutrino running Construction of the forward TOF: NA49 NA61

further justification of runs for the cosmic-ray experiments The cosmic-ray physics goals require a prediction of the number of pions in hadronic showers with less than 5% systematic error Without NA61 uncertainty is at least 20% (based on MC studies).

further justification of runs for the cosmic-ray experiments Requirements concerning the NA61 measurements: Statistical accuracy -> 1M interactions per reaction Systematic error -> < 5% for pions and kaons NA49 reached this performance Reactions: ''T2K data'' on p+C at 30, 40 and 50 GeV pion + C at 158 and 350 GeV

The proposed sequence of runs assumes the production of updated beam request The proposed sequence of runs assumes the production of the detector upgrades (1M CHF) to start by the end of 2007.

Additional slides

may lead to discovery of the critical point of strongly interacting matter by an observation of a hill of fluctuations in two dimensional plane (energy)-(system size) or equivalently (temperature)-(baryo-chemical potential) New data registered by NA49-future 158A 10A GeV In+In S+S p+p C+C p+p In+In 10 20 30 40 80 158 energy (A GeV) In particular the critical point should lead to an increase of multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations Fluctuations and CP: Stephanov, Rajagopal, Shuryak, Phys. Rev. D 60, 114028 Freeze-out points: Becattini et al., Phys. Rev. C 73, 044905

NT LHC SPS SIS RHIC RHIC-SP Onset of deconfinement Search for the critical point LHC SPS NT SIS RHIC RHIC-SP

? will allow to establish the system size New data registered dependence of the anomalies observed in Pb+Pb collisions and thus further test their interpretation as due to the onset of deconfinement New data registered by NA49-future In+In ? S+S C+C p+p 10 20 30 40 80 158 energy (A GeV) 10 20 30 40 80 158 energy (A GeV) In particular, it is expected that the ''horn'' like structure should be the same for S+S and Pb+Pb collisions and then rapidly disappear for smaller systems

NA49 and other CERN SPS experiments measured high pT spectra in central Pb+Pb collisions up to 4.5 GeV/c NA49 at 158A GeV charged pions E. Beier et al., Phys. Rev. D18, 2235 (1978) NA49 p+Pb central Pb+Pb p+p ion SPS counts/(GeV/c) NA49-future The pT spectra in p+p and p+Pb interactions at the ion SPS energies are measured only up to 2.5 GeV/c NA49-future intends to measure the missing high pT spectra in p+p and p+Pb interactions. Study of the high pT correlations and centrality dependence will be also possible.