Gas Dynamics for Design of Nozzles

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Presentation transcript:

Gas Dynamics for Design of Nozzles P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department Better Geometrical Solutions to Convert Microscopic KE to Macroscopic Kinetic Energy to…..

Generation of Supersonic Velocity from Rest Isentropic Nozzle:

Isentropic Nozzle at Design Exit Pressure pexit-design pthroat pin pin p p* pexit-design

Typical flight mission profile & Nozzle Exit Conditions Turn Turn Cruise Climb in Altitude Descent Takeoff Landing

Isentropic Nozzle under Designed Conditions

End Conditions of an Isentropic Nozzle

Local Properties in an Isentropic Nozzle

The Design Conditions of an Isentropic Nozzle

Isentropic Nozzle at Design Conditions Under design conditions the gas pressure at the exit plane of the nozzle is applied back pressure.

Isentropic Convergent Nozzle The compact Isentropic Nozzle:

Remarks on Isentropic Converging Nozzle Design Length of the nozzle is immaterial for an isentropic nozzle. Strength requirements of nozzle material may decide the nozzle length. Either Mach number variation or Area variation or Pressure variation is specified as a function or arbitrary length unit. A converging Nozzle Design attains maximum capacity when the exit Mach number is unity.

Full Capacity Converging Nozzle pin P* Can this be A basis for selection of altitude of flying?????

Typical flight mission profile & Nozzle Exit Conditions Engine capacity Thrust Flight Velocity Turn Turn Cruise Climb in Altitude Descent Takeoff Landing

Operational Characteristics of Isentropic C Nozzles A converging passage designed to accelerate the a gas flow is considered for study. The concern here is with the effect of changes in the upstream and downstream pressures on the nature of the flow and on the mass flow rate through a nozzle. Four different cases considered for analysis are: Converging nozzle with constant upstream conditions. Converging-diverging nozzle with constant upstream conditions. Converging nozzle with constant downstream conditions. Converging-diverging nozzle with constant downstream conditions.

Pressure Distribution in Under Expanded Nozzle At all the above conditions, the pressure at the exit plane of nozzle, pexit = pb.

Variation of in Exit Pressure 1 1

Variation of in Mass Flow Rate 1

Low Back Pressure Operation

Frictional Adiabatic Flow in A Variable Area Duct Sonic Point : M=1

Throat Conditions The capacity of Frictional throat is always lower than ideal throat!!!

The Real Nozzle for Sonic Flow It is impossible to get a sonic flow with real converging nozzle. The flow is always subsonic (transonic) at the throat. A compact real converging nozzle can produce transonic jet. A real nozzle for sonic exit is a CD Nozzle.

Ideal Convergent-Divergent Nozzle Under Design Conditions

Ideal Convergent-Divergent Nozzle with High Back Pressure pb1< pin, but > p* Pthroat > p*