myocardial infraction M.I QASSIM J. ODAA MASTER IN ADULT NURSING

Definition Myocardial infarction is death of the cells of an area of the heart muscle (( myocardium)) as result of oxygen deprivation , which in turn is caused by obstruction of the blood supply. Commonly referred to as (( heart attack)), the myocardium receives it is blood from the two large coronary arteries and their branches

Pathophysoilogy Cholestrole deposition within the wall of the main artery Atherosclerosis plaque Narrowing in thecoranary aryery Ruptureing the plaque with activation cloting mechism Block coronary artery and interrupts blood supply to heart muscle (myocardium) Ischemic the heart muscle and necrosis Dead the part from myocardium

Pathophysoilogy Cholestrole deposition within the wall of the main artery Atherosclerosis plaque Narrowing in thecoranary aryery Ruptureing the plaque with activation cloting mechism Block coronary artery and interrupts blood supply to heart muscle (myocardium) Ischemic the heart muscle and necrosis Dead the part from myocardium

Risk factors Non modifiable age male sex Family history jnj Non modifiable modifiable age male sex Family history previous heart attack genetic congenital anomaly actively smoking High blood pressure Diabetes mellitus low levels of physical activity alcoholic drink obesity

Signs and symptoms chest pain is the described as a sensation of tightness, pressure, or squeezing. Pain radiates most often to the left arm, but may also radiate to the lower jaw, neck, right arm, back, and upper abdomen  sweating, nausea or vomiting, shortness of breath, weakness, and fatigue. palpitations, peripheral edema  Loss of consciousness   sudden death s

Diagnosis test Medical history Physical examination Blood chmistary such as level of cholestrole Cardiac enzyme and protein Electrocardiography (E.C.G) Chest X ray Echocardiography Doublers CT – Scan C

Treatment Diet:- low calorie, low sodium and low fate with increase dietary fiber Oxygen therapy and monitoring vital signs with E.C.G. anti-platelet agent such as aspirin and clopidogrile (plavix) anti lipemic agent :- cholystramin (Questran) atrovastin (Lipitor) analgesic such as morphin (I.V) calcium channel blockers :- nifedipine (procardia) and verapamile beta- adrenergic blockers :- propeanole, nadolol antianxiety such as diazepam (valium)

complications anginia heart failure arrythemias pulmonary ede

Possible surgical intervention coranory artery bypass graft (CAPG) percatenous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)