AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE USING FLY ASH AND GLASS PARTICLES Presented by G. Arunagiri (91707103005) P.C. Bala murugan (91707103007) K. Prabhakaran (91707103026) M.G. Ravindranath swamy (91707103032) Guided by Mr.N. Gurumoorthy M.E Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engg Sethu Institute of Technology

Objective To study on Compressive strength of concrete incorporating waste glass as fine aggregate and flyash as cement by partial replacement. And then compare the results with conventional concrete of same grade.

Introduction Now adays the usage of glass has been increased which result in increase in glass wastes. Also we experience the fine aggregate scarcity. Hence the use of glass in concrete as a replacement for fine aggregate would be useful. Recycling waste glass as an aggregate is effective for environmental conservation and economical advantage.

Continue……. Nowadays the usage of fly ash has been increased . Also we experience the cement material is more costly. Hence the use of fly ash in concrete as a replacement for cement would be useful.

FLY ASH By-product from coal-fired electricity generating power plants. Consist primarily of silica, alumina and iron.

Class F Fly Ash Class C Fly Ash The burning of harder, older anthracite and bituminous coal typically produces Class F Fly Ash, contains less than 10% lime (CaO) Class C Fly Ash Fly ash produced from the burning of younger lignite or sub bituminous coal, Generally contains more than 20% lime (CaO)

FLY ASH CONCRETE Partial replacement for ordinary portland cement (OPC) Percentage of fly ash in total cementing materials, normally ranges from 15 to 25% It can go up to 30-35% in some applications

RESULT OF FLY ASH ADDITION Improve performance of the concrete Improvement in long-term strength Reduced permeability resulting in potentially better durability

Waste Glass There are two types of waste glasses; coloured and colourless. Most colourless waste glasses are recycled effectively. Coloured waste glasses with their low recycling rate are generally dumped into landfill sites Since the glass is not biodegradable, landfills do not provide an environment-friendly solution. Therefore, there is strong need to utilize waste glasses.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WASTE GLASS Colour: Multi colour (Mostly amber, flint and emerald green) Grain shape : Angular Moisture <1% Packing – Material shall be loose in bulk Specific gravity : 2.4 – 3.0 Specific heat capacity : 0.503 Jg-1K-1 Thermal Conductivity : 0.93 Wm-1K-1

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WASTE GLASS S.No Chemical Compounds % Weight 1 SiO2 70-74% 2 Al2O3 1-3% 3 Fe2O3 0-1% 4 CaO 5-11% 5 MgO 6 SO3 7 Na2 O 12-16% 8 K2O 9 Cr2 O3

LITERATURE REVIEW

Cengiz Duran Atis, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering Journal Title “High-Volume Flyash Concrete With High Strength and Low Drying Shrinkage” Cengiz Duran Atis, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering Aim The concrete mixtures made with 50 and 70% replacement (by mass) of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with fly ash were prepared. Some concrete mixtures were also made with super plasticizer Result HVFAC- satisfactory or higher compressive and Tensile strength compare to OPC. HVFAC with optimum water content showed significantly lower shrinkage values Concrete made with super plasticizer showed higher shrinkage

“High Volume Flyash Concrete Analysis and Application” Journal Title “High Volume Flyash Concrete Analysis and Application” Mark Reiner, Kevin Rens Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, ASCE. Aim High volume percentage replacements from 40% to 70% A minimix study revealed that 50 and 60% cement replacement percentages were the best candidates for full-scale testing TESTING LCA and LCC, using Building For Environmental and Economic Sustainability Result 15% initial cost reduction for HVFA when compared with a 100% Portland cement mix

Concrete mixture containing more than 50% fly ash prepared Journal Title “High-Performance, High Volume Flyash Concrete For Sustainable Development” Kumar Mehta.P University of California, Berkeley, USA Aim Concrete mixture containing more than 50% fly ash prepared Water demand, workability, cracking due to thermal and drying shrinkage, were checked Result Higher amounts of fly ash on the order of 25- 30% recommended for thermal cracking. Low water-cement materials ratio overcome problem of low early strength. Homogenous in microstructure, virtually crack- free, and highly durable.

Mohamad J. Terro, The effect of replacement of fine and coarse aggregates with recycled glass on the fresh and hardened properties of Portland cement concrete at ambient and elevated temperatures is studied. Percentages of replacement of 0–100% of aggregates with fine waste glass (FWG), coarse waste glass (CWG), and fine and coarse waste glass (FCWG) were considered The results of this study showed that the compressive strength of concrete made with RG decreases up to 20% of its original value with increasing temperatures up to 700 1C. In general, concretes made with 10% aggregates replacement with FWG, CWG and FCWG had better properties in the fresh and hardened states at ambient and high temperatures than those with larger replacement

L.M. Federico , S.E. Chidiac, Concrete is the most widely used construction material and, for the most part, is produced using non renewable natural resources and energy intensive processes which emit greenhouse gasses. There exists an opportunity to improve the sustainability of this industry by further exploring the use of alternative materials. As an aggregate, glass bottle waste has faced specific challenges including bond, ASR gel production, and strength degradation of the concrete. This paper reviews the literature pertaining to incorporating waste glass into concrete as a supplementary cementing material. Pozzolanic properties of waste glass as an SCM and ASR are related to particle size and percent addition. Lithium additives control ASR expansion; however, the mechanism of this control has yet to be defined.

S.C. Kou, C.S. Poon The effects of recycled glass (RG) cullet on fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) were investigated. RG was used to replace river sand (in proportions of 10%, 20% and 30%), and10 mm granite (5%, 10% and 15%) in making the SCC concrete mixes. Fly ash was used in the concrete mixes to suppress the potential alkali-silica reaction. The experimental results showed that the slump flow, blocking ratio, air content of the RG–SCC mixes increased with increasing recycled glass content. The compressive strength, tensile splitting strength and static modulus of elasticity of the RG–SCC mixeswere decreased with an increase in recycled glass aggregate content. Moreover, the resistance to chloride ion penetration increased and the drying shrinkage of the RG–SCC mixes decreased when the recycled glass content increased. The results showed that it is feasible to produce SCC with recycled glass cullet.

Specimen Details Grade of concrete-M20 Mix Design Ratio : 0.47 : 1 : 1.66 : 3.7 Cube-100×100×100mm size.

Cont. Fine aggregate partially replaced by waste glass and fly ash of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. From the journal by Mukesh C. Limbachiya, 15% replacement of waste glass performed similar to that of Conventional concrete Over 30% of replacement results in decrease of strength of concrete

Ordinary portland cement

Fly ash

Waste Glass Aggregate (WGA)

Fine aggregate

WASTE GLASS

12.5mm coarse aggregate

Casting cube

cubes

curing

TESTING

Test Results for 7 days 0% 7 days 12.7 14.2 14.7 10% 11.7 12.26 10.7 % of concrete No of days curing Compressive strength of cube 1 (N/mm2) Compressive strength of cube 2 (N/mm2) Compressive strength of cube 3 0% 7 days 12.7 14.2 14.7 10% 11.7 12.26 10.7 20% 9.81 11.28 30% 7.8 8.3 40% 6.86 7.84

Test Results for 28 days % of concrete No of days curing Compressive strength of cube 1 (N/mm2) Compressive strength of cube 2 (N/mm2) Compressive strength of cube 3 0% 7 days 15.7 16.2 17.6 10% 13.7 14.2 12.7 20% 12.8 11.8 12.3 30% 10.8 10.3 40% 9.3 9.8

Compressive strength of cubes for 7 days

Compressive strength of cubes for 7 days

Compressive strength of cubes for 28 days

Compressive strength of cubes for 28days

CONCLUSION Replacing fine aggregate by Waste Glass Aggregate and cement by flyash (15% and 20%) gives more or less same compressive strength compare to conventional concrete As percentage of Replacement increases the compressive strength of concrete decreases but with in reasonable limit

Suggestion of future study By keeping flyash as constant replacement percentage and increasing glass particles percentage. By keeping glass particles as constant replacement percentage and increasing flyash percentage. The grade of concrete can be increased for future investigation.

REFERENCES Ahmad Shayan*, Aimin Xu. (2004) ‘Value-added utilisation of waste glass in concrete’. Journal of Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.34, pp.81-89 © Elsevier Ltd. American Society for Testing of Materials, ASTM C 1202-94, Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCPT) test. Bazant ZP, Zi G, Meyer C (2000). ‘Fracture mechanics of ASR in concretes with waste glass particles of different sizes’. Journal of Engineering Mechanics Vol. 126, p.p. 226–32. Byars EA, Morales-Hernandez B, Zhu HY (2004). ‘Waste glass as concrete aggregate and pozzolan’. Concrete 2004; 38(1):41–4. Chen CH, Huang R, Wu JK, Yang CC, (2006). ‘Waste E-glass particles used in cementitious mixtures’. Journal of Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 36, p.p. 449–56.

Cont. Mark Reiner, Kevin Rens, (2006), “High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete: Analysis and Application”, Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, ASCE. Kumar Mehta.P, (2002) “High-performance, high-volume fly ash concrete for sustainable development” University of California, Berkeley, USA Cengiz Duran Atis, (2003) High-Volume Fly-Ash Concrete with High Strength and Low Drying Shrinkage, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering.