Unit 1.8 Ethical, legal, cultural and environmental concerns

Thought for the day …Bill Gates …. Started hacking at 13 Asked by his school to write a program scheduling students into classes and scheduled himself into classes with more girls! Personally checked ever line of code for 5 years at Microsoft working 16 hours days Became the youngest billionaire at 31 By 39, becomes the richest man on earth Is committed to donating half of his wealth over his lifetime

The Big Picture: Computer Science and Technology Issues legislation relevant to Computer Science: o The Data Protection Act 1998 o Computer Misuse Act 1990 o Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 o Creative Commons Licensing o Freedom of Information Act 2000. open source vs proprietary software investigate and discuss Computer Science technologies and the impact and implications of technology, while considering: o ethical issues o cultural issues o environmental issues o privacy issues. how key stakeholders are affected by technologies

Learning Objectives By the end of todays lesson you will: Understand what is meant by open source software. Understand what is meant by proprietary software. Be able to describe the advantages and disadvantages of each, and the differences between them including legal differences.

In today's lesson: What are we learning today? Why are we learning it? Understand what is meant by open source software & proprietary software. Why are we learning it? To understand and be able to describe open source and proprietary software How will it help reach your OPT? You need to know the key features of the types of software You need to know the advantages & disadvantages of each You need to know the legal differences between them How long? 1 lesson

Starter We covered the software topic in Y10, can you remember anything about it?! We covered: Operating systems: manages the hardware and software. Can you name 4 functions of the OS? What’s the difference between a GUI and command line interface? Utility software: helps to maintain or configure a computer, could be part of the operating system or installed as an extra. Can you name 4 types of utility software?

Starter Operating systems: Can you name 4 functions of the OS? Provides user interface, platform for applications to run, allows computer to multitask by controlling memory resources, deals with file and disk management, allows for user accounts What’s the difference between a GUI and command line interface? Command line is text based, need to be skilled to use it so not for every day users. GUI uses windows, icons, menus, pointers Utility software: Can you name 4 types of utility software? Defragmentation, backups, compression, encryption

Locally Installed Software Types of software Locally Installed Software Install software on your computer You hold the licence Works without being online Takes up file space Need to download upgrades & patches Security is good, if security on/to the computer is Software as a service Also known as hosted software Log in through internet and access as needed Runs on a web server Doesn’t take up any file space Can collaborate and work together on same document Needs the internet Speed depends on internet connection Not as secure

How do big companies compete? Commercial producers such as Microsoft make money by selling software Some SaaS are free eg GoogleDocs so commercial providers could be threatened by free online applications To respond to this challenge, commercial software producers have: Made their product more appealing and of better quality by including more facilities and functions Provided software which is “bundled” with a computer when bought Provided technical support, help services, and manuals Used copyright to protect their products to stop similar free products being offered Offered their own versions of SaaS SaaS has environmental benefits – no packaging, installation CDs etc

2 more types of software Open Source Software Proprietary Software

Software with different legal considerations Proprietary Software Open Source Software Commercially produced for a profit Source code is available for modification by anyone

Software with different legal considerations Open Source Software Proprietary Software Open Office iOS Linux Android Microsoft Office Windows Ubuntu Photoshop Outlook Mozilla Firefox VLC media player

Open Source Open Source generally allows users access to the code to edit/change themselves. It is usually free to download Open Source software. You may be able to edit and distribute the updated changes you make to Open Source Software. Under the licence, you are obliged to charge no fee if you pass it on.

Open Source - Benefits Users can edit and update software freely. Can change the source code to customise it to your needs There is generally a very strong social support forum if you need help. Usually free and good for companies with limited budgets. Allows collaboration with other people who may want the same modifications. Better versions of the software (i.e. less buggy) may appear faster than proprietary software.

Open Source - Drawbacks Relies on support networks of other users. To edit the code, you need expert knowledge. De-bugging can be hard as no one person is necessarily responsible for the software. May not evolve in a strict timeframe and may not have regular updates but could have regular updates done by other people. May need to buy in external support. Could be more open to exploitation through users adding in malicious code.

Proprietary Software Proprietary Software is licenced software, you cannot copy and distribute it (legally). It generally costs money to buy and the company intends to make a profit from selling it! You have the confidence of the program being produced by a ‘professional’ company. Proprietary software generally has many features built into one program. Proprietary Software will have official updates, support, upgrades and fixes released.

Proprietary Software - Benefits Meet professional standards. Is carefully tested before launch Always someone to go back to if you have problems. Lots of support provided by the company as well a online support and tutorials/magazines Generally likely to be more tailored to market needs Bugs, Security fixes etc., are more likely to be fixed faster. May contain more features.

Proprietary Software - Drawbacks Cost may be significant. Source code cannot be modified Company/person who created it retains exclusive control over it. Reliant on one company – what if it goes bust? May not fully meet the needs of the customer as it is for the general market not specific needs

In summary Open Source has 4 key ‘freedoms’ which make it different legally from proprietary software: Freedom to run the programs for any purpose Freedom to study how the program works and change it Freedom to redistribute copies Freedom to distribute copies of your modified version to others for free

Show your understanding Log into Moodle ICT & Computing > GCSE Computer Science > Computer Systems Scroll down to 1.8 Open Source and Proprietary Software Folder Download, save and complete 1.8 Open Source and Proprietary Software.docx

In today's lesson: What are we learning today? Why are we learning it? Understand what is meant by open source software & proprietary software. Why are we learning it? To understand and be able to describe open source and proprietary software How will it help reach your OPT? You need to know the key features of the types of software You need to know the advantages & disadvantages of each You need to know the legal differences between them How long? 1 lesson

Plenary – Define Key Words Open source Proprietary Hosted Software Software as a service Locally-installed

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