Japan Returns to Isolation Chapter 19 Section 3

The Growth of Japanese Civilization Japan’s Location Japan lies east of China; name means “land of the rising sun” Closest neighbor is 120 miles over water, Korea 500 miles of water separate it from China

Japan’s Topography The next couple of slides are a comparison of the countries that we will be visiting. Notice how small all are compared to China.

The Geography of Japan Consists of about 4,000 islands in a 12,000-mile archipelago Varied climate, but little land for farming

Terrace Farming of Rice The next couple of slides are a comparison of the countries that we will be visiting. Notice how small all are compared to China.

The Japanese Farm the Sea The next couple of slides are a comparison of the countries that we will be visiting. Notice how small all are compared to China. Tokyo Fish Market

Mt. Fuji Mt. Fuji The next couple of slides are a comparison of the countries that we will be visiting. Notice how small all are compared to China.

Early Japan Many different clans worshipped own gods This early religion later called Shinto—“the way of the gods” Shinto worshipers respect forces of nature, ancestors, and kami Kami—divine spirits dwelling in nature: tree, rock, waterfall

The Yamato Emperors By 400s, Yamato clan takes control, names emperor. For many centuries, Yamato emperors rule; sometimes in name only .

Japanese Culture Buddhism in Japan Japanese learn Chinese ideas, customs from contact with Korea Buddhism spreads widely in Japan, mixes with Shinto practices

Cultural Borrowing from China Prince Shotoku rules as regent; sponsors missions to Tang China Chinese ideas, practices gain wide currency in Japan as result Japanese adopt Chinese writing, art, and ways of everyday living Japan does not copy China’s civil-service system

Local Lords Rule 1467-1568 know as Sengoku (warring states) Samurai seized control of old feudal estates Daimyo-Warrior chieftain new lords Resembled European feudalism

Medieval Warriors vs. European knight Samurai Warrior

Medieval Warriors vs. Knight’s Armor Samurai Armor

Local Lords Rule Built fortified castles Created small armies on horses (samurai) Later introduced foot soldiers with muskets Fought for territory

New leaders Restore Order Oda Nobunaga-defeated rivals and seized capitol Kyoto 1558 “Rule the empire by force” Nobunaga’s soldiers with muskets crush samurai force (first use of firearms)

New Leaders Restore Order Could not unify all of Japan Toyotomi Hideoyshi conquered al of Japan Invaded Korea in 1592 Hideoyshi died 1559 and his troops withdrew from Korea

Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan Unified Japan in 1600 Had loyalty of Daimyo throughout Japan 3 years later became sole leader of Japan Moved capitol to Edo became Tokyo Governed at a local level

Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan Required daimyo to spend every other year in the capitol When they returned to their lands they left family in capitol (hostages to prevent rebellion) Rule of law became rule of sword

Tokugawa Shogunate Unites Japan On his deathbed asked sons to Take care of the people Strive to be virtuous Never neglect to protect the country This rule brought welcome order to Japan

Life in Tokugawa Japan Japan enjoyed two and half centuries of stability Society was very structured Ruler was a shogun supreme military commander

Life in Tokugawa Japan Shogun Daimyo- powerful landholding samurai Samurai warriors Peasants and artisans 4/5ths of population Merchants at the bottom Became more important as the economy expanded

Society in Tokugawa Japan Confucian values influenced society Depended on agriculture not merchants Peasants and farmers had the main tax burden Many left farms for town life

Culture under the Tokugawa Shogunate Attended ceremonial noh dramas Tales of ancient warriors Hung pictures of a classical literature scenes Haiku-3 line verse poetry Presents images rather than ideas

Contact Between Europe and Japan 16 century during the warring states Welcomed traders and missionaries from Portugal Within a century Europeans had worn out their welcome

Portugal Sends Ships, Merchants and Technology to Japan 1543 first encounter with Europeans Portugal hoped to be part of the Japan, China, and Southeast Asia trade Brought clocks, eyeglasses, tobacco, firearms, and unfamiliar items to Japan

Portugal Sends Ships, Merchants, and Technology to Japan Daimyo welcomed the strangers Interested in muskets and cannons Japanese purchased weapons from Portugal Firearms changed a time honored tradition of the use of the sword

Portugal Sends Ships, Merchants, and Technology to Japan Many samurai retained the sword Built fortified castles to withstand the cannons Castles attracted merchants and artisans

Christian Missionaries in Japan 1549 missionaries started to arrive Religious orders of Jesuits came to convert the Japanese Francis Xavier-Jesuit led the first mission Baptized about 100 converts before he left

Christian Missionaries in Japan 1600 300,000 Japanese had been converted Success upset Tokugawa Ieyasu Found Christian invasion troublesome They scorned traditional Japanese beliefs

Christian Missionaries in Japan Feared driving off the European traders would hurt Japan’s economy 1612 there was religious uprisings Christianity was banned

Christian Missionaries in Japan 1637 30,000 peasants led by a samurai So many rebels were Christian Started to persecute Christians All Japanese were forced to show faith to a branch of Buddhism

The Closed Country Policy Persecution of Christians was to control foreign ideas Valued European trade but not ideas 1639 sealed Japan’s borders “closed country policy”

Japan in Isolation Nagasaki was the only port opened to foreign ships Only Dutch and Chinese merchants allowed Tokugawa shoguns had a monopoly on trade 200 years Japan remained closed

Japan in Isolation Japanese were forbidden to leave and bring back new ideas Developed into a self sufficient country Europeans met with resistance to open the East to trade Expansion to the west was more profitable (Americas)