Making life possible since 3,499,997,985 B.C. Enzymes Making life possible since 3,499,997,985 B.C.
Enzymes Biological catalysts Increases speed of reactions Example: digesting food or breaking down glucose Not changed during reactions Can be used over and over Enzyme: rocketase
Enzyme Functions Active site Breaks molecules in half OR Builds molecules Active site Spot where molecules bind and react Specific shape for specific things
Substrate The material enzymes bond with MUST match the shape of the enzymes active site Like a key matches only one lock A substrate only matches one enzyme
Complex When enzymes and substrates fit together AKA enzyme/substrate complex
Check Your Understanding CYU What reaction did this enzyme do to this substrate? (break or build)
Activation energy Energy needed to start reactions Example fire Do logs light on fire randomly? No they require a spark AKA “activation energy” Will rocks fall randomly? Needs a push Activation NRG
Enzymes and activation NRG Enzymes lower NRG needed to start a reaction Speeds up RXN by lowering activation NRG Ex: food breaks down on its own (molding ect) but it takes a LONG time. You eat food and it breaks down quickly, enzymes lower NRG needed to break food down
Factors that affect enzymes Temperature Too hot proteins fall apart (denature) Causes a change in the shape of the active site Too cold (frozen) proteins never meet up with substrates Acidity or (pH) Too much acid proteins fall apart (denature) Too little acid proteins and substrates don’t “stick” or bond together.
CYU If a protein changes shape due to the temperature getting way too hot, will it still be able to bind with its substrate? Why or why not?
CYU What are two factors that affect an enzymes ability to do their job? Temperature Acid or base (pH)
CYU Why is it so important your body needs to maintain homeostasis-relate it to enzymes. Temperature Acid or base (pH)
Enzyme Movie https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTUm-75-PL4
Exit/Entrance slip Summarize the relationship between an enzyme and a substrate.