Chemical Reactions and Energy

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Presentation transcript:

Chemical Reactions and Energy

What is Energy? Energy is the ability to move or change matter Kinds of Energy Light Heat Chemical Mechanical Electrical

Enzymes Are specific for what they will catalyze Are Reusable End in –ase -Sucrase -Lactase -Maltase

How do enzymes Work? Enzymes work by weakening bonds which lowers activation energy

Induced Fit A change in the configuration of an enzyme’s active site (H+ and ionic bonds are involved). Induced by the substrate. Enzyme Active Site substrate induced fit

Energy in Chemical Reactions

Activation Energy

Figure 6.13 Enzymes lower the barrier of activation energy

What Affects Enzyme Activity? Three factors: 1. Environmental Conditions 2. Cofactors and Coenzymes 3. Enzyme Inhibitors

1. Environmental Conditions 1. Extreme Temperature are the most dangerous - high temps may denature (unfold) the enzyme. 2. pH (most like 6 - 8 pH near neutral) 3. Ionic concentration (salt ions)

Factors affecting Enzyme Activity Temperature

pH Just as each enzyme has an optimal temperature, it also has a pH at which it is most active. The optimal pH values for most enzymes fall in the range of pH 6-8, but there are exceptions.