Bell Work Take out your Study Guide answers. Make sure your name is on the top and you have identified the Chapters and question numbers. Take out your Vocab. Monster #1. Take out a piece of paper and number from 1 to 35. Do not skip lines. Put an MLA heading on it and title it Chap. 1-7 Quiz.

“To Kill a Mockingbird” An Introduction to “To Kill a Mockingbird” By Harper Lee

Visual Time Line Open your notebook and draw a “timeline” from a landscape perspective. Andrew Jackson 1829-183? Civil War 1861-1865

The Author born in 1926 Nelle Harper Lee She is the youngest of four children of Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. Harper Lee attended Huntingdon College 1944-45, studied law at University of Alabama 1945-49, and studied one year at Oxford University. In the 1950s she worked as a reservation clerk with Eastern Air Lines and BOAC in New York City. In 1957 Miss Lee submitted the manuscript of her novel to the J. B. Lippincott Company. She was told that her novel consisted of a series of short stories strung together, and she was urged to re-write it. For the next two and a half years she re-worked the manuscript with the help of her editor, Tay Hohoff, and in 1960 To Kill a Mockingbird was published, her only published book. born in 1926

Author’s place of birth: Monroeville, Alabama --population 7,000 Monroeville Alabama, a city of about 7,000 people in Monroe County, which has about 24,000 people. Monroeville is in southwest Alabama, about halfway between Montgomery and Mobile. She is the youngest of four children of Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Finch Lee. Harper Lee attended Huntingdon College 1944-45, studied law at University of Alabama 1945-49, and studied one year at Oxford University. In the 1950s she worked as a reservation clerk with Eastern Air Lines and BOAC in New York City. In order to concentrate on writing Harper Lee gave up her position with the airline and moved into a cold-water apartment with makeshift furniture. Her father's sudden illness forced her to divide her time between New York and Monroeville, a practice she has continued. In 1957 Miss Lee submitted the manuscript of her novel to the J. B. Lippincott Company. She was told that her novel consisted of a series of short stories strung together, and she was urged to re-write it. For the next two and a half years she re-worked the manuscript with the help of her editor, Tay Hohoff, and in 1960 To Kill a Mockingbird was published, her only published book. Author’s place of birth: Monroeville, Alabama --population 7,000

Population of Cave Creek/Carefree 9,200

Crash of the Stock Market, 1929

Great Depression 1929 -1939 Pictures of bread lines, like this one, are among the most enduring and poignant images of the Great Depression. During the Great Depression, thousands of people relied on charitable organizations for meals and would line up for simple meals often of bread and soup.

What is a Depression ? An economy with high unemployment, falling income, failing business, and declines in production and sales. In other words…a “broken” economy that needs to be fixed!

The Current U.S. Economy Americans have been living beyond their means, buying too often on credit Foreign competition, a decrease in the production of goods, and corporate bailouts have led to economic problems in the U.S. This led to high unemployment, rising prices, and inflation and the recession during the Bush administration in 2007-8

But less than 85 years ago, events were much worse…

The Great Depression An economic slump in North America, Europe, and other industrialized areas of the world began in 1929 and lasted until about 1939.

Causes for the Great Depression False Prosperity in the 1920’s led to: Risky Investments Oct. 1929 Stock Market Crash Banking Crisis - Most uninsured - Money runs Trade Collapse

Effects of the Depression on the Common Citizen Unemployment - At the height of the depression, 3 out of 10 Americans were jobless. Poverty - Millions homeless, hungry, penniless Injustices committed by the powerful against the powerless - Unfair pay, working conditions - Increased racial tensions

The story is set in Maycomb, a fictional city in southern Alabama. To Kill a Mockingbird takes place from 1933 to 1935, during the Great Depression. The story’s setting, Maycomb County, is an isolated rural area, poor and undeveloped. It is slow to respond to change and progress. Black people receive low wages as field workers and house servants. White farmers are more likely to own land, but their crops are often meager. Trade is slow and they are often poor. The story is set in Maycomb, a fictional city in southern Alabama.

Trial of Walter Lett March, 1934 Accused of raping white woman Has alibi for time of rape Found guilty/sentenced to execution Citizens of Monroe County object Sentence changed to life imprisonment Lett dies of TB in 1937

Semi-autobiographical details Scout Finch/Harper Lee, author Atticus Finch/A.C. Lee – Harper Lee’s attorney father Maycomb/Monroeville Tom Robinson trial/William Lett trial Dill was childhood friend Truman Capote who became a famous writer.

World War II, 1939-1945

Brown vs. Board of Education 1954 Brown vs. Board was about a 3rd grade black girl, named Linda Brown.  She lived in Topeka, Kansas.  She had to walk a mile to attend an all black school (through bad conditions) when there was a white school, only 7 blocks away.  Her father decided to solicit the help of the NAACP, and they took the case to court, which was fighting for Linda's right to attend the white school.  This was happening during the 1950's, when racial segregation was the norm.  In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of deeming desegregation unconstitutional.  The law did not end desegregation overall, as it still existed in restaurants and public facilities.  It also did not put a time-frame on when the schools had to combine the population, and in many states, it took a long time to end desegregation.

Martin Luther King Jr. Being arrested Montgomery,Alabama 1959

To Kill A Mockingbird, published 1960

1955 1960 Montgomery Bus Boycotts African-American woman Rosa Parks's arrest after her refusal to move to the back of a bus triggers a citywide boycott of the bus system. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka II, Kansas (De-Segregation in Education) The U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas II implements the anti-segregation provisions that had been mandated in Brown I, and orders that states comply with "all deliberate speed.“ The Civil Rights Act of 1960 (Pub.L. 86–449, 74 Stat. 89, enacted May 6, 1960) was a United States federal law that established federal inspection of local voter registration polls and introduced penalties for anyone who obstructed someone's attempt to register to vote. 1962 Bailey v. Patterson (De-Segregation in Transportation) The U.S. Supreme Court decision in Bailey v. Patterson declares that segregation in transportation facilities is unconstitutional. 1963 Martin Luther King, Jr.: "I Have a Dream" Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivers the historic "I Have a Dream" speech. 1964 Civil Rights Act of 1964 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in a number of settings: voting, public accommodations, public facilities, public education, federally-assisted programs, and employment and establishes the federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). 1965 Voting Rights Act of 1965 The Voting Rights Act of 1965 prohibits the denial or restriction of the right to vote, and forbids discriminatory voting practices nationwide.

Voting Rights Act Section 4 Struck Down By Supreme Court 2013 For example, mere hours after the high court ruling, Texas implemented a strict photo ID law, which had previously been rejected under Section 5. That summer, the North Carolina legislature passed a sweeping law that also instituted a stringent photo ID requirement, eliminated same-day registration, and cut back on early voting. All of these laws respond to phantom complaints of voter fraud, and all disproportionately hurt the ability of minorities to vote. In October 2014, a federal judge found 600,000 registered Texas voters do not have acceptable ID. Testimony showed African-American and Hispanic registered voters are two to four times more likely than white registered voters to lack photo ID. In North Carolina, data showed African Americans used early voting and same-day registration at much higher rates than whites. Overall, since the 2010 election, 21 states have imposed new voting restrictions. In 2016, 15 states will have more strict rules than they did in 2012. The storm of discriminatory changes forecast by Ginsburg has apparently come to pass. Many of these measures have been aggressively challenged under the remaining sections of the Voting Rights Act. Two major cases are pending in Texas and North Carolina, where attorneys laid out strong evidence showing how these laws prevent citizens from voting, and disproportionately discriminate against blacks and Hispanics.