Sonja B. Grimm Tempo and Mode in Human Behavioural Evolution

Tempo and mode in evolution Ph.D. project George Gaylord Simpson Tempo and mode in evolution (1944)

During the Weichselian Lateglacial in North-West Europe: Ph.D. project During the Weichselian Lateglacial in North-West Europe: How and why did the Late Magdalenian change into the Federmesser-Gruppen?

During the Weichselian Lateglacial in North-West Europe: Ph.D. project During the Weichselian Lateglacial in North-West Europe: How and why did the Late Magdalenian change into the Federmesser-Gruppen?

Ph.D. project Becoming Human: the Evolution of Hominin Behaviour current research topics Human behavioural strategies in interglacial environments Diet and nutrition Strategic systems of early societies Research approach

Ph.D. project Becoming Human: the Evolution of Hominin Behaviour current research topics Human behavioural strategies in interglacial environments Diet and nutrition Strategic systems of early societies Research approach Resilience and Reorganisation of Social Systems during the Weichselian Lateglacial in North-West Europe An evaluation of the archaeological, climatic, and environmental record

The case study

North-West Europe

The Late Weichselian

The Weichselian Lateglacial

The Weichselian Lateglacial

The Weichselian Lateglacial

The Weichselian Lateglacial Magdalenian Federmesser- Gruppen 16,050 years ago 12,700 years ago

The Weichselian Lateglacial Magdalenian Federmesser- Gruppen 16,050 years ago 12,700 years ago

The Late Magdalenian c. 16,300 to 14,600 years ago << 1 % 200km 100km Photo: MONREPOS, RGZM Photo: Martin Street, RGZM Photo: MONREPOS, RGZM Jöris / Street / Turner 2012 Street et al. 2006 Gaudzinski-Windheuser /Jöris 2006; according to Stodiek 1993 Bosinski 1996 (inverse) << 1 % ( burnt artefacts) Franken / Veil 1983

The Weichselian Lateglacial Magdalenian Federmesser- Gruppen 16,050 years ago 12,700 years ago

The Federmesser-Gruppen c. 13,900 to 12,700 years ago 200km 100km Gelhausen 2011 Veil et al. 2012 Street et al. 2006 15-20 % (burnt artefacts) Photo: MONREPOS, RGZM Photo: Gelhausen, RGZM Veil 1982 Gaudzinski-Windheuser / Jöris 2006

The Weichselian Lateglacial Magdalenian Federmesser- Gruppen 16,050 years ago 12,700 years ago

The Weichselian Lateglacial Magdalenian Federmesser- Gruppen 16,050 years ago 12,700 years ago

The Weichselian Lateglacial Climatic forcing? Late Magdalenian Federmesser- Gruppen 16,050 years ago 12,700 years ago

Tempo

Dating the assemblages

Identifying change

Identifying change

Identifying change

Identifying change

Comparing to other changes

Tempo of change

Tempo in the case study

From Late Magdalenian to the Federmesser-Gruppen

From Late Magdalenian to the Federmesser-Gruppen Steep increase Federmesser- Gruppen Late Magdalenian

From Late Magdalenian to the Federmesser-Gruppen Steep increase Environmental forcing Federmesser- Gruppen Late Magdalenian

Mode

Innovation

Potential / Capital Societies are made by individuals A A A A A A A A

Potential / Capital Innovators show human creativity A A A A A A A A C B A A A A A A A

Potential / Capital Innovators show human creativity… or incapablity of perfect copies? Weber fraction (cf. Eerkens / Lipo 2005; Hamilton / Buchanan 2009) A A A A A A A A C A A A A A A A A A A A A A B A A A A A A A

Potential / Capital Innovators transmit usable changes A A A A A A A A

Potential / Capital Innovators create new (sub-) societies A A A A A A D C B B B D B D D D

Potential / Capital as human adaptive possibilities Innovators create new (sub-) societies… and adaptive possibilities A A A A A A A A C A A A A A A C A C A B D C B B B D B D D D

household / family group Potential / Capital and Connectedness Unit Level Equivalent ATU 1 tradition / community Level 1 epoch Level 2 period Level 3 subperiod ATU 2 alliance / population technocomplex industry faciès / group ATU 3 household / family group assemblage / settlement artefact group / concentration artefact / structure ATU 4 individual type attribute trace Determinants Archaeological taxonomic units (ATU) (cf. Gamble et al. 2005) (Foley / Mirazón Lahr 1997)

household / family group Potential / Capital and Connectedness Unit Level Equivalent ATU 1 tradition / community Level 1 epoch Level 2 period Level 3 subperiod ATU 2 alliance / population technocomplex industry faciès / group ATU 3 household / family group assemblage / settlement artefact group / concentration artefact / structure ATU 4 individual type attribute trace Determinants Potential Archaeological taxonomic units (ATU) (cf. Gamble et al. 2005) (Foley / Mirazón Lahr 1997)

household / family group Potential / Capital and Connectedness Unit Level Equivalent ATU 1 tradition / community Level 1 epoch Level 2 period Level 3 subperiod ATU 2 alliance / population technocomplex industry faciès / group ATU 3 household / family group assemblage / settlement artefact group / concentration artefact / structure ATU 4 individual type attribute trace Determinants Connectedness Potential Archaeological taxonomic units (ATU) (cf. Gamble et al. 2005) (Foley / Mirazón Lahr 1997)

Connectedness as shared behaviours / norms / rules Convex hulls: normative behaviour

Connectedness Convex hulls have different meanings

Connectedness Convex hulls have different meanings – making interpretation necessary

Interpretation of change Steep increase Federmesser- Gruppen Late Magdalenian

Interpretation of change using assemblages Steep increase Federmesser- Gruppen Late Magdalenian

Interpretation of change using ATUs / technocomplexes Steep increase Federmesser- Gruppen Late Magdalenian

Result

Adaptive cycle?

Adaptive cycle

Adaptive cycle

Adaptive cycle

Adaptive cycle

Adaptive cycle

New adaptive cycle

New adaptive cycle

Thank you for your attention!

Adaptive Cycle “Fact Sheet” Main Characteristics of the Adaptive Cycle(s) Which timeframe does the main adaptive cycle cover? Studied cycle c. 2,000 years What is the timeframe of the whole Panarchy model (if nested cycles are used)? Study period > 3,000 years What is the geographical breadth of these cycles? North-West-Europe Characterisation of the key attributes How do you define connectedness within the archaeological dataset? Societal ability to establish normative behaviour How do you define potential/capital within the archaeological dataset? Individuals in population and potential of behavioural variation General patterns What is/are the main driving factor(s) for the loss of resilience? Neglect of preservation of stabilising safe-guarding strategies What kind of release impact(s) can you reconstruct and how? Regionalisation in lithic technology, subsistence strategies, spatial organisation, mobility decline 61