BAROQUE ART 1600-1700
Development of Baroque Music Renaissance was expressive Previous music was more structured In what way do you think that was different than previous music? Why? What two groups controlled it? Renaissance music had no real rules… just expressing emotions, dancing, expressing… Baroque was an era that demanded rules – return to order But… it’s endless… energy… wild… VERY DRAMATIC Attempted to evoke passion and excitement, deep emotions Why? What was going on during this era? What groups would use music to draw out emotions? (for their cause)
Baroque music: 1600 to 1750 Followed Renaissance music Saw the creation of tonality (music in a particular key (tone)) Baroque likely seems more powerful and dramatic Key composers: Johann Sebastian Bach Antonio Vivaldi George Handel Johann Pachelbel
Baroque visual art reflected the music, and the era… In a word… DRAMATIC!
Baroque: reaction against artificial stylization of Mannerism Among the great Baroque masters: Italian painter Caravaggio Italian sculptor Bernini Flemish painter Rubens Spanish painting Velazquez Dutch painter Rembrandt Characteristics: realistic subjects (historical characters in contemporary clothing) spectacular action powerful emotions Dramatic lighting (chiaroscuro) Bold asymmetric and diagonal compositions Often religious, mystical and historical subjects Often used as propaganda for the Church or State
The Stigmatization of Saint Francis Caravaggio 1596 (Oil on canvas)
Supper at Emmaus Caravaggio, 1600-1601 Oil on canvas 54 3/4 x 76 3/4 in., National Gallery, London
Judith Beheading Holofernes Caravaggio, 1598, Rome Oil on canvas 56 3/4 x 76 3/4 in. Rembrandt van Rijn
Storm on the Sea of Galilee Rembrandt van Rijn Storm on the Sea of Galilee
Rembrandt van Rijn Nightwatch Or… The Militia Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq, 1642
Judith Beheading Holofernes Caravaggio 1598 Oil on canvas 56 3/4 x 76 3/4 in. Galleria Nazionale dell'Arte Antica, Rome Judith, (a woman embodying the power of the people of Israel to defeat the enemy, though superior in numbers, by means of cunning and courage) sought out Holofernes in his tent, got him drunk, then beheaded him. The sight of their commander's bloodstained head on the battlements put the enemy to flight. The original bare breasts of Judith were later covered by the semi-transparent blouse
The Conversion of Saint Paul Caravaggio, 1600-1601, Rome Oil on canvas 90 1/2 x 70 in
Flemish Baroque (This was the Catholic section of the Netherlands. Notice the Spanish and Counter-Reformation influence)
The Elevation of the Cross Peter Paul Rubens 1610-11 Antwerp
The Descent from the Cross Peter Paul Rubens 1611-14 Antwerp
Prometheus Bound Peter Paul Rubens 1610 / 1612 Philadelphia Museum of Art
Fall of Man Peter Paul Rubens 1629 Prado, Spain
Three Graces Peter Paul Rubens 1635 Prado, Spain
See the influence from Renaissance? Bottocelli’s Primavera, 1482
How is Baroque Art different than Renaissance Art? Groups #1: How is Baroque Art different than Renaissance Art?
How is Baroque Art similar to Renaissance Art? Groups #2: How is Baroque Art similar to Renaissance Art?
How is Baroque Art a reaction to Renaissance Art? Groups #3: How is Baroque Art a reaction to Renaissance Art?
How does Baroque Art show us something about the era of Absolutism? Groups #4: How does Baroque Art show us something about the era of Absolutism?
Groups #5: Why would The Counter Reformation choose Baroque Art as its tool to get people back into Catholicism?
Groups #6: What aspects of Baroque Art helps us to grasp the socio-political climate of this era?
For all Groups: Compare Baroque art to two leaders in Europe who are exemplified in the tone of this art form. Explain.