Exploring the Past Improving the Future Ed Latessa Mike Randle Brian Lovins

From the Field THE PAST Hit or miss programs 1972 ODRC stand alone cabinet agency 1979 Ohio Community Corrections Act 1981 CBCF legislation 1984-1994 Prison pop. 17,000- 40,000 80’s and 90’s Ohio doubled the number of prisons it operated Significant number of “home” grown programs designed and implemented to address “needs” of the clients Staff personally invested in programs Focused on “What Felt Right” Driven by perceptions of doing good versus data

Risk, Need, and Responsivity Before RNR THE PAST Risk, Need, and Responsivity Before RNR Risk Focused primarily on seriousness of offense Professional judgment Need Identified client needs through psychosocial assessments Focused on a range of factors, some not criminogenic Responsivity One size fits all approach Age How many priors What the prior offenses were Increasing numbers of offenders – get as many as possible some kind of programing Limited recourses to do it.

Nothing Works THE PAST Punishment focused interventions “Get Tough” policies Default social service agency Prison populations increase, less trust in treatment and community corrections

Prison Populations Increase THE PAST Prison Populations Increase

Juvenile Justice Approaches THE PAST Juvenile Justice Approaches Started with the Best Interest of the Youth Philosophies began to change Accountability Victim’s Rights Punishment Incapacitation Get tough on crime mirrors adult population Mandatory minimums Bind over process

THE PAST RECLAIM Began Targeted RECLAIM Began TR was Expanded

DYS Population THE PAST Average Daily Facility Population (Calendar Year) 2000 2167 2005 1700 2010 956 2015 (to date) 471

Started with Risk, Need, and Responsivity THE PRESENT Started with Risk, Need, and Responsivity NIC began promoting the Wisconsin Risk Need Assessment as a model Researcher began challenging the “nothing works” doctrine and Canadian formulated the Risk, Need, Responsivity (RNR) theory Alternatives to incarceration began emerging Ohio expanded CBCFs, CCFS, CCA funding and started RECLAIM Ohio Saw the beginning of drug courts

Started with Risk, Need, and Responsivity THE PRESENT Started with Risk, Need, and Responsivity Implementation of risk assessment Improved knowledge and skills to improve outcomes Changed focus to helping profession from focusing on compliance only Increased options for continuum of sanctions available to Judges

Started with Risk, Need, and Responsivity THE PRESENT Started with Risk, Need, and Responsivity 2001 Study of Ohio’s Drug Court 2002 Study of Ohio HWHs and CBCFs 2005 Study of CCA programs 2005 Study of RECLAIM 2010 Study HWH and CBCF study 2013 Study of RECLAIM 2013 and 2014 Dosage Studies 2015 Study of Prison Programs

Research in Ohio THE PRESNET Expansion of RECLAIM Targeted RECLAIM and Competitive RECLAIM Improved Offender Assessment Focus on Higher Risk Offenders ORAS and OYAS Improve program assessment Redesign of CCFs and CBCFs Correctional Program Checklists (Groups, Drug Courts, Community Supervision Agencies Development of a new supervision model EPICS

Research in Ohio THE PRESENT Offenders Seeking Employment Development of new CBT curricula: Cognitive Behavioral Interventions: Offenders Seeking Employment Substance Abuse Sex Offenders A comprehensive curriculum. Adaptable for MDOs

From the Field THE PRESENT Correctional practitioners receive mixed messages because not all are fully bought in Correctional practitioners are in transition New skill sets More complex tasks Focused on changing behavior versus observing/reporting Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions = Flavor of the month? Risk assessment reduces discretion

Challenges for the Field THE PRESENT Challenges for the Field Prison population continues to increase Despite increased allocation of resources As prison crowding increases, incidents Higher expectations EBP, CCP, EPICS, Structured skill building, Coaching, CQI, BMS, audits, CPC accreditation, recidivism reduction Opiate and other new drugs – UDS detection problems Staffing, - training requirements, millennials Public perception Unrealistic expectations? Ohio recodification committee

Broader Picture of Community Corrections THE FUTURE Broader Picture of Community Corrections Community Corrections agencies solidify their role as agents of change Recognize that we cannot punish our way out of crime Correctional practitioners are university trained in change techniques Technology is integrated into the daily work to improve efficiency and effectiveness while reducing expectations Assessment and intervention continue to improve with more effective monitoring and evaluation

Where are we headed THE FUTURE New Deliver Models New Focus on Quality Virtual New Focus on Quality Improvement of coaching New program assessments Improved QA processes New Focus on Social Networks Effective Practices for Community Support for Influencers (EPICS-I) New CBT Material POs Offenders Programs Data Analytics