Amendments 11-27

11th Amendment The 11th amendment limits jurisdiction of the federal courts This means that there are limits on suits against states Example: NC resident can’t sue Virginia Case: Chisholm v. Georgia- S.C. citizen sued Georgia

12th Amendment Revises procedure for electing the president and vice president This established the Electoral College use separate ballots in voting for the president and vice president

13th Amendment Abolishes Slavery

14th Amendment Defines US citizenship; guarantees all citizens “equal protection under the law” Originally created to give rights to freed slaves

15th Amendment Prohibits restrictions on the right to vote based on race and color

16th Amendment Gives congress the power to levy an income tax

17th Amendment Voters elect senators directly instead of state legislature

18th Amendment called Prohibition Prohibits making, drinking or selling alcoholic beverages called Prohibition

19th Amendment Gives women the right to vote-suffrage Susan B. Anthony and Cady Stanton- women’s suffrage leaders

20th Amendment Changes the dates of congressional and presidential terms President and Vice President end term January 20th at noon; senators January 3rd at noon “Lame-Duck”- outgoing president has little influence and little accomplishments between elections in Nov. and the new president taking office in Jan.

21st Amendment Repeals Prohibition No more 18th Amendment Only amendment ever passed to overturn another amendment!

Al Capone

22nd Amendment Limits presidents to 2 terms in office Passed after Franklin D. Roosevelt's election to 4 terms between 1933-1945

23rd Amendment Gives residents of the District of Columbia the right to vote DC is not a state! DC is the area between Virginia and Maryland

24th Amendment Abolishes poll taxes Didn’t pass until 1964

25th Amendment Establishes procedures for succession to the presidency

26th Amendment Set voting age at 18 years

27th Amendment Delays congressional pay raises until the term following their passage

Major Cases Marbury v. Madison (1803)-established judicial review Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)- Scott sued for his freedom after being taken to a free state; ruled against him because slaves(property) have no rights to sue not a citizen Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)-established separate but equal; reinforced segregation

Major Cases Korematsu v. United States (1944)- made it legal to hold people of Japanese decent in camps during WWII Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)-gives those who can’t afford a lawyer a lawyer in all cases United States v. Nixon (1974)-SC decided that executive privilege is not limitless, and the Watergate tapes were released

Struggle for Rights After the civil war, African Americans routinely faced discrimination Southern states had “Jim Crow” laws- separated Whites and AA’s Brown v. Board of Education (1954)- established separate schools were not equal therefore “separate but equal” did not work and was unconstitutional Little Rock 9 Montgomery Bus Boycott- Rosa Parks arrested for violating segregation laws in Alabama. MLK led peaceful protests

Struggle for Rights Cont’d 1963- “I Have a Dream” speech Civil Rights act of 1964- prohibited discrimination in public facilities, employment, education and voter registration; banned discrimination based on sex, gender religion and national origin Regents of the U. of California v. Bakke (1978)-affirmative action-established all things being equal, race and gender may be used as a criteria

Gratz v Bollinger (2003)- court struck down a University of Michigan point- based admission policy because it gave excessive points to minority applicants Many Americans are subject to racial profiling- being singled out as suspects because of the way they look What would you do? What whould you do? Racism?

More videos….. Rosa Parks Oprah clip Civil Rights Crash course Prom? Lighten the mood Not related at all but funny…..