Chapter 9 Political Parties

How does this 2008 cartoon depict the “decentralization” of political parties?

How are candidates named (nominated) to run for office in the United States compared to Europe?

Segment from George Washington’s farewell: What is Washington referring to? "It serves to distract the Public Councils, and enfeeble the Public Administration....agitates the Community with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms; kindles the animosity of one....against another....it opens the door to foreign influence and corruption...thus the policy and the will of one country are subjected to the policy and will of another."

Figure 9.1

The Executive Branch: The President The Legislative Branch: Congress: Presidential Government: The United States: The Legislative and Executive Branches are separate The Executive Branch: The President The Legislative Branch: Congress: Must not be affiliated with Congress Must not be Affiliated with The President

The Legislative Branch: All the Members in Parliament Parliamentary Government: Great Britain: The Executive Branch is part of the Legislative Branch The Legislative Branch: All the Members in Parliament The Executive Branch: The Majority Party in Parliament and the Prime Minister

The Two party system in American History

Presidential Election of 1824

Political Cartoons depicting the need for parties.

Nomination Process

The History of Nominations Caucuses used most often: late 1700’s to early 1800’s Conventions used most often: early 1800’s to early 1900’s Direct Primary used most often: Early 1900’s to present

The Mugwump (progressive) agenda: Evidence of Problems associated with the Convention Process: Cook County Convention, Illinois, 1896 “Of 723 delegates, those who had been on trial for murder numbered 17; sentenced to penitentiary for murder or manslaughter, 7; served terms in the penitentiary for burglary, 36; served terms in the penitentiary for picking pockets, 2; served terms in the penitentiary for arson 1; jailbirds identified by detectives, 84; keepers of gambling houses, 7; keepers of houses of ill-fame, 2; convicted of mayhem, 3; ex-prize fighters, 11; poolroom proprietors, 2, saloon keepers, 265;. . . Political employees, 148; no occupation, 71”

History of the 2 Party System (Political Realignments)

Graphic depicting the 2 party system

The Realignment of 1960

Explanation of the Realignment of 1896

Explanation of the Realignment of 1932

How have Southerners changed their voting behavior from 1972 to 2004?

Explanation of split-ticket and straight ticket

Figure 9.2

National Party Structure Today

C. The National Party Structure Today: Although Americans vote along party lines in both state and national elections, the structure of the political parties is different on the national level compared to the state/local level

Organization of the National Party System (both Republican and Democrats) Definition of National Convention Definition of National Committee Definition of Congressional Campaign Committee Definition of National Chairman

2008 Republican National Convention

2008 RNC

2008 RNC Convention

Political Cartoon addressing the aftermath of the 2012 RNC

Political Machines and the late 1800’s and early 1900’s

Primary Season

Democrats: Caucus and Primaries

Candidate   Votes    %   Delegates   John McCain 88,466 37.09% 7 Mitt Romney 75,343 31.58% 4 Mike Huckabee 26,768 11.22% 1 Rudy Giuliani 20,395 8.55% Ron Paul 18,303 7.67% Fred Thompson 2,886 1.21% Duncan Hunter 1,220 0.51% Tom Tancredo* 68 0.03% Others 5,099 2.14% Total 238,548 100% 12 The New Hampshire Primary and the Proportional Representation Rule: The Republican Primary Total Delegates at stake: 12

Candidate   Votes    %   Delegates   Hillary Clinton 112,251 39.07% 9 Barack Obama 104,772 36.47% John Edwards 48,681 16.94% 4 Bill Richardson 13,249 4.61% Dennis Kucinich 3,919 1.36% Joe Biden* 628 0.22% Mike Gravel 402 0.14% Chris Dodd* 202 0.07% Others 3,218 1.12% Total 287,322 100% 22 The New Hampshire Primary and the Proportional Representation Rule: The Democratic Primary Total Delegates at stake: 22

The National Convention

2008 – Primaries and Front-loading

How does the following cartoon depict front loading?

Political Cartoon depicting super delegates

Campaign Spending

Soft Money and Political Cartoons

Soft Money Contributors Hard Money Interest Group Issue Ads

A weakening of Party control over elections The use of the direct primary system instead of the Convention system in selecting presidential candidates results in which of the following? A weakening of Party control over elections A reduction in the costs of Election campaigns An increase in the number of people involved in the choice of candidates An increase in voter turnout during midterm elections. I and II I and III I, II, and III I, II, III, and IV III only

Third Parties and Electoral College

Looking at the table below, who decides Presidential Elections Looking at the table below, who decides Presidential Elections? What evidence reflects who decides?

How does the following chart show how certain groups receive a disproportionate amount of delegates for the DNC and RNC?

Explanation of the winner-take-all feature in the Electoral College Obama won Pennsylvania – Obama had 52% and Romney had 47%

Ideological parties and “the spoiler effect:” Explain how the following cartoons reflect the “spoiler effect”

Election 2000 and the spoiler effect

Election 1992 and the spoiler effect

Election 2012: Factional Parties and the “spoiler effect”