WenFeng Wang JSTI GROUP Boston, Nov 29, 2017 Comparison of asphalt emulsion specification and Test Methods between China and US Good morning everyone, Thanks for the opportunity giving me a few minutes of speech. My name is Wenfeng Wang, come from JSTI group, China. I attended the meeting in Denver. So I am coming again. Well, my title is about Comparison of asphalt emulsion specification and Test Methods between China and U.S. WenFeng Wang JSTI GROUP Boston, Nov 29, 2017

OUTLINE Classification Standard of Asphalt Emulsion (AE) Specification Comparison 3. Test methods and criterion

Classification standard of AE US ASTM D997----Demulsification speed Rapid Setting----RS-1, RS-2 Middle Setting----MS-1, MS-2, MS-2h Slow Setting----SS-1， SS-1h Quick Setting----QS-1h ASTM D2397----Cationic asphalt emulsion CRS-1, CRS-2, CMS-2, CMS-2h, CSS-1, CSS-1h, CQS-1h ASTM D3628-----Selection and Use of AE Viscosity Penetration of Residue As We know, asphalt emulsion in US, is classified on the basis of demulsification speed, and then secondly classified by viscosity or penetration of residue. Maybe any mistake on the powerpoint, please finger out.

Classification standard of AE China JTG F40-2004 Demulsification speed, Application Classification Code Demulsification Application Cationic emulsified asphalt PC-1 Rapid surface、seal coat PC-2 Slow layer oil PC-3 Rapid or Middle tack coat BC-1 Slow or Middle Slurry Sealing, Cold Mix Asphalt Anionic emulsified asphalt PA-1 PA-2 PA-3 BA-1 Nonionic emulsified asphalt PN-2 BN-1 Base reclamation In China, The same as US is classified by demulsification speed, but then based on scope of application, for example tack coat/prime coat, MS/slurry. As ussal, the asphalt emulsion is cationic emulsion。 China: classified by demulsification speed, and then the scope of application is used as the classification standard.

Specification comparison Specification for asphalt emulsion China US JTG F40-2004 ASTM AASHTO Asphalt Emulsion(AE) Table 4.3.2 D977-13 M140-16 Polymer modified AE   M316-16 Cationic AE D2397-13 M208-16 Rapid setting AE M81-92(2012) Middle setting AE M82-75(2012) Micro surfacing MP8-16 Chip seal MP27-16 Next is specification comparison. The table list specifications，such as asphalt emulsion, polymer AE, cationic AE, Rapid setting AE, and so on, and AASHTO made many types specification according to the type of emulsion. To give a detailed guidance for the practice and application. In China, the specification for asphalt emulsion is named F40, and F40 was published in 2004,13 years ago. AASHTO made specifications according to the type of emulsion In China, the specification for asphalt emulsion is named F40 which was published in 2004.

Specification comparison Standard practice comparison Standard Practice China US ASTM AASHTO Usage and selection   R5-13 sampling R66-16 Certified supplier R78-16 Specification for chip seal MP27-16 Design for chip seal PP82-16 Design for Micro surfacing PP83-16 Emulsion recycling agent D5505-14 Mixing property D6999-12 Low temperature evaporation residue D7497(2016) Vacuum oven recycling residues D7944-15 Specification and practice D244-09 T59-16 Freezing thawing effect D6929-16 Standard practice of Cation Recognition D7402-09 With respect of standard practice，ASTM and ASHHTO give out detailed standard practice. However, the work of standard practice is lacking in China. The work of standard practice is lacking in China

Specification comparison Standard Test Methods comparison Test specification China US JTG-E20-2011 ASTM AASHTO Demulsification speed T0658-1993 D6936-09  T59 viscosity Standard T0621-1993   Angler T0622-1993 Saybolt T0623-1993 D7496-11 T72-10(2015) Dynamic / D7226-13 Evaporation residue T0651-1993 D6934-08 (2016) Distillation D6997-12 T78-15 Sieve residue T0652-1993 D6930 T295-13 density D6937-16 particle size D6933-13

Specification comparison Standard Test Methods comparison Test specification China US E20 ASTM AASHTO Ionic charge T0653-1993 D244 T59 Aggregate adhesion T0654-2011 storage stability room temperature T0655-1993 D6930 low temperature T0656-1993 Mixing property cement T0657-2011 D6935-11 aggregate T0659-2011 Mixing with water T0655-2011 water content(distillation) Draft And let me show the next, Standard test methods, the table list the test methods of asphalt emulsion, for example , Demulsification speed, viscosity, evaporation residue, sieve residue, ionic charge, storage stability, many test methods has been used since the year of 1993. Well it grows older. So , our test methods and specification need update and revision. need a lot work to improve it . In China, many test methods has been using since the year of 1993

Test specification and Requirement Viscosity Test specification U.S----ASTM Saybolt viscosity, Rotational viscosity Rapid setting and middle setting: 50℃ Slow setting and quick setting: 25℃ China Angler viscosity: E25, 25℃ Standard viscosity C25,3, 25℃ The third part for comparison is about test specification and requirement. The test method for viscosity, in U.S, adopts Saybolt and rotational viscosity. The rapid and middle setting emulsion , test temp is at 50 ℃. However, China adopt Angler and Chinese standard viscosity. both of them, test temp is at 25℃. for rapid setting and middle setting emulsion, especially with regard to spray emulsion, applied at the temp of 50-60℃(degrees celsius)，so the test temp is not very suitable. In China, spray emulsion that is usually applied at 50℃, the test temp is not very suitable.

Test specification and Requirement Viscosity Criterion US China Category Test temperature（℃） Rapid Setting Middle Setting Slow Setting Quick Setting CRS-1 CRS-2 CMS-2 CMS-2h CSS-1 CSS-1h CQS-1h Saybolt viscosity（s） 25 / 20~100 50 100~400 50~450 Rotational viscosity（mpa.s） 45~220 220~880 110~990 Because the test requirement is different, the criterion of viscosity between US and China has a large of differences. Spraying Mixing Category Test temperature（℃） PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 BC-1 Standard viscosity （s） C25，3 10~25 8~20 10~60 Angler viscosity 25℃ 2~10 1~6 2~30 The criterion of viscosity between US and China has a large of differences because of the test requirement

Test specification and Requirement Residue recovery method Test Requirements US---ASTM D6934/D6997/ASTM D7497: Method B Distillation: 260℃， 15min Decompressing distillation: 135℃ 60℃， 6hr， Thin Film –silicone Mat China----JTG E20 T0651 Heated by conventional electric stove No definite test temperature in the process 163℃ ±3℃, 1min, after confirmation of no water this page shows the comparison of residue recovery method. ASTM develop evaporation, distillation and low temp evaporation, three methods. But, China still retain one kind of method, is evaporation method at the temp of 163℃. some research teams report a few of papers about low temp Evaporation method, but they did not promote it to be a specification yet. US: Evaporation – Distillation — Low temp Evaporation China: still retain Evaporation Influenced by many factors, Poor reproducibility, Aging risk

Test specification and Requirement Residue Criterion US Cationic emulsified asphalt Rapid Setting Middle Setting Slow Setting Quick Setting Category CRS-1 CRS-2 CMS-2 CMS-2h CSS-1 CSS-1h CQS-1h Residue content（%），≥ 60 65 57 Penetration （25℃，0.1mm） 100~250 40~90 Ductility （25℃，cm），≥ 40 Solubility （%）, ≥ 97.5 Reclassification by residual content and penetration

Test specification and Requirement Residue Criterion China Cationic emulsified asphalt Spraying Mixing Category PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 BC-1 Residue content （%），≥ 50 55 Penetration （25℃，0.1mm） 50~200 50~300 45~150 Ductility （15℃，cm），≥ 40 Solubility 97.5 The next two slides list the criterion of residue including US and China, the largest difference is residue content. In China, the residue content require 50% for spray emulsion. Because in the most region of China, the emulsion is produced in place/situ/site for construction project and preservation project, usually all of fresh emulsion is consumed. So, In the project field, emulsion have no storage problem. The largest difference is residue content Ductility and solubility refer to ASTM standards

Test specification and Requirement Aggregate adhesion Test Requirements US Aiming at middle setting AE Mixing 5min, take half to observe the adhesion, The other half is washed with water to observe the adhesion China Soak in water for 1 min. Soak in AE for 1 min, Take out and hang it for 24h at room temperature. Then boiled it at 100℃. Take out and observe the adhesion the last method to compare，is aggregate adhesion, China adopt water boiling method, similar to hot asphalt, so as to Europe standard. And U.S focus on middle setting asphalt emulsion U.S: Pay attention to adhesion performance during mixing China adopts water boiling method, similar to hot asphalt, refer to Europe standard.

Conclusion 1. Update current Chinese asphalt emulsion specifications and practice and test methods Promote low temperature evaporation Develop varied specifications, design methods and best practice of asphalt emulsion for different pavement preservation treatments 2. Keep up with SPG/EPG 3. Make efforts towards to performance related specification

Thank you ! Wenfeng Wang wwf35@jsti.com