WWI to 1967 Background WWI-1948 1948-1967 Notes

Zionism Emancipation in Western Europe Dreyfus Affair Theodor Herzl The Jewish State Political Zionism

Demographic Changes The First Aliyah (1882 - 1903) Mostly Eastern European; 25,000 immigrants The Second Aliyah (1904 - 1914) Tel Aviv founded 1909 Many leaders of the future state of Israel arrive 40,000 immigrants

World War I British take control of Palestine Jewish Funding of WWI Balfour Declaration (1917) “His majesty’s government view with favor the establishment in Palestine of a National Homeland for the Jewish people”

Mandate Period Britain runs Palestine 1922 white paper (declares that Zionist had a right to be there, but did not mean the imposition of the inhabitants already there) Struggles over immigration and land The Third Aliyah (1919 - 1923) The Fourth Aliyah (1924 - 1928) Wailing Wall Disturbances 1929 Britain issues the white paper of 1930 Limits immigration, both communities upset

World War II The Fifth Aliyah (1929 - 1939) Includes many immigrants from western Europe 250,000 immigrants, many go to Jerusalem Haganah trains with Britain to fight Germany Holocaust Generates sympathy for Zionist

Interwar period to 1948 Britain too weak to stay in Palestine UN partition proposal Israel declares an independent state 1948 War Resulted in refugee problem Israel gains territory Jerusalem divided into two sections

Between 1948 and 1967 Major influx of Jewish immigrants from Arab countries Majority of Jewish population comes from Arab countries 1956 Suez War Made relations with Arab neighbors worse Anxiety of war Pan-Arabism Cold War

June War and its Aftermath Israel doubled its territory West Bank, Gaza, Sinai, Golan Heights Now occupied a large Palestinian population