Types of Waves Waves on a String.

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Presentation transcript:

Types of Waves Waves on a String

A wave is a series of connected oscillators The restoring force for each oscillator is provided by its neighbors

Demonstration with wave bars A wave is a series of connected oscillators The restoring force for each oscillator is provided by its neighbors Demonstration with wave bars

Types of Waves Transverse Demonstration

Types of Waves Transverse Examples?

Types of Waves Transverse Longitudinal Demonstration

Types of Waves Transverse Longitudinal Examples?

Sounds waves are longitudinal

Water waves have both a transverse component and a longitudinal component

Terminology: Wavelength (l)

Terminology: Wavelength (l) Frequency (f) Period (T)

These are related to wave speed: Terminology: Wavelength (l) Frequency (f) Period (T) These are related to wave speed:

Musical pitch depends on frequency – the higher the pitch, the higher the frequency. The first A key above middle C on a piano has a frequency of 440 Hz. If the speed of sound in air is 343 m/s, what is the wavelength of the sound wave that we call “A above middle C”?

Musical pitch depends on frequency – the higher the pitch, the higher the frequency. The first A key above middle C on a piano has a frequency of 440 Hz. If the speed of sound in air is 343 m/s, what is the wavelength of the sound wave that we call “A above middle C”? The lowest frequency sound that humans can hear is about 20 Hz. What is the wavelength of a 20 Hz sound? What is the period of that sound?

Waves on a string Speed depends on 2 things: 1) Tension in the string (F) Demonstration with long spring

Waves on a string Speed depends on 2 things: 1) Tension in the string (F) 2) The mass per unit length of the string

Waves on a string Speed depends on 2 things: 1) Tension in the string (F) 2) The mass per unit length of the string The speed of a wave on a string is…

A guitar string has a mass per unit length m = 0 A guitar string has a mass per unit length m = 0.401 x 10-3 kg/m and is tightened to a tension of 71.4 N. What is the speed of a wave on this string?

A rope of mass M and length L hangs from the ceiling A rope of mass M and length L hangs from the ceiling. If the bottom of the rope is given a gentle wiggle, a wave will travel up to the top of the rope. As the wave travels upward, does its speed increase, decrease, or stay the same? A) Increases B) Decreases C) Stays the same

A rope of mass M and length L hangs from the ceiling A rope of mass M and length L hangs from the ceiling. If the bottom of the rope is given a gentle wiggle, a wave will travel up to the top of the rope. As the wave travels upward, does its speed increase, decrease, or stay the same? (HINT: This is NOT a massless string) A) Increases B) Decreases C) Stays the same

Reflections