EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATON
‘click here to add title Intercultural Communication
Some definitions Intercultural communication is a situation in which people from diverse cultural backgrounds are engaged in communication. Intercultural communication is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication events (Porter & Samovar,2001) Intercultural communication refers to the communication between people from two different cultures (Guo-Ming Chen & Starosta,1998) The interaction between people of difference culture background (Martin & Nakayama,2000)
What is culture? A “classic definition” by E.B. Taylor (1967): “ a complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”
Clifford Geertz (anthropologist): “ Culture denotes a historically transmitted pattern of meaning embodied in symbols, a system of inherited conceptions expressed in symbolic forms by means of which men communicate, perpetuate and develop their knowledge about attitudes toward life”
Harry C. Triandis ( 1994): “ Culture is a shared meaning system, found among those, who speak a particular language dialect, during a specific historic, period and in a definable geographic region”
Approaches in understanding culture etic An "etic" account is a description of a behavior or belief by an observer, in terms that can be applied to other cultures; that is, an etic account attempts to be 'culturally neutral'. emic An "emic" account is a description of behavior or a belief in terms meaningful (consciously or unconsciously) to the actor; that is, an emic account comes from a person within the culture. Almost anything from within a culture can provide an emic account.
Culture o culture… Complex Many approaches, and many times confusing
Lapisan budaya menurut Schein (1985) Assumptions Values Artifact
Another way of looking…. Schein representation of organizational culture( 2004):
Hofstede (1994) Amalan (practices)
Lapisan budaya menurut Trompenaars (1995)
Adaptation to a culture Sosialisasi (Socialization) Kesepadanan budaya (cultural fit, organizational fit, person-environment fit) Akulturasi (Acculturation) Pelarasan (Adjusment)
Communication Barriers and ICC Barriers to communication happen due to the differences between the cultures, which includes ………………. The good news is we can improve our competency in intercultural communication.
Among the ways to improve ICC Be flexible Be respect Be tolerant Learn more about other people’s culture Learn other people’s language Be non-judgmental about other people and other culture
It is ok, but …. It is ok to feel proud of one’s culture, but not to the extent of being ethnocentric. It is ok to feel good being born in a specific culture but do not feel other people from other culture are bad. It is good to feel happy ( and grateful to God ) that you are from a certain culture with some good values, but be willing to learn from other cultures too.
Improving ICC : summary Language Attitude Understanding Perception
KEY WORDS
Some important terms in ICC Ethnocentrism Culture shock Relativism culture Normative culture Self-esteem Race Countries Continents
More important terms Ethnic group Flexible Tolerant Uniqueness Xenocentrism Language
References: Various http://orpc.iaccp.org/index.php?option