Organic chemistry A Chapter 7 Role of the solvent By Prof. Dr. Adel M

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Organic chemistry A Chapter 7 Role of the solvent By Prof. Dr. Adel M Organic chemistry A Chapter 7 Role of the solvent By Prof. Dr. Adel M. Awadallah Islamic University of Gaza

Solubility of organic compounds

Protic and aprotic solvents Protic solvents are solvents containing hydrogen that is attached to oxygen or nitrogen. They solvate cations through unshared pairs, and anions throaugh hydrogen bonding Examples : water, methanol, ethanol , acids

Aprotic solvents: Solvents that do not contain acidic hydrogens, They dissolve ionic compounds chiefly through their solvation of cations. The positive charge of the solvent is buried within the molecule

Effect of protic solvents in SN1 Reactions

Effect of protic solvents in SN2 Reactions

SN2 reactions (with negative nucleophiles) in aprotic solvents go as much as a million times faster than in alcohol or an alcohol-water mixture

The SN2 reaction: Phase-transfer catalysis

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