IB community theme: sharing our humanity June 2008

Aims of the IB community theme Develop knowledge and understanding of global issues Encourage appropriate action on global issues

IB community theme: sharing our humanity This includes the following issues Global poverty Education for all Peace and conflict Global infectious diseases Digital divide: uneven access to information and communication technologies Disasters and emergencies Environmental issues

IB community theme: sharing our humanity Global poverty Nearly half the world’s population (2.8 billion), live on less than $2 a day. UN HDR, 2003 Each year, more than 8 million people around the world die because they are too poor to stay alive. World Bank, 2004

Poverty in Peru Over 50% over the population in Peru live below the poverty line. Close to one fourth of them live in extreme poverty. Over 70% of people living in rural areas live below the poverty line. People born in Lima can expect to live almost 20 years longer than people born in the southern highlands. 11-18% of the population in Peru lives on less than a dollar a day

Children and Poverty Chronic malnutrition in Peru stands at 24.1% at the national level, while in the rural areas it reaches 39% of the children under five.  Many children are affected by iron deficiency anemia – 46.2% among children under five at the national level and 52% in rural areas. Child labour ; (5–14 years) 1999–2007*, total 19 Child marriage ; 1998–2007*, total 18

IB community theme: sharing our humanity Education for all Over 100 million primary school-age children cannot go to school. World Bank, 2004 Universal primary education would cost $10 billion a year - that's half what Americans spend on ice cream. UN HDR, 2003

Education in Peru 9 of each 10 Peruvian students do not understand what they read www.ensenaperu.org 1 of 10 children achieves the expected learning in math. www.ensenaperu.org In a public high school, 4 out of every 100 students has the possibility to go to university www.ensenaperu.org One quarter of Peru’s children do not attend school. http://www.peruschallenge.com/peru.html 2.5% of the Gross Domestic Product is spent on Education.  Peru ranks 157 on educational spending https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html (2006)

IB community theme: sharing our humanity Peace and Conflict 29 continuing conflicts, the earliest dating back to 1964 Poor countries 4 times as likely to have conflict as rich ones. Oxfam

Peace and Conflict issues in Peru Violence in soccer games created by soccer supporters Nationalism (conflict with Chile) Fighting back intolerance Conflicts at school Conflict among political parties Violence in the Media Terrorism International Day of Peace – Do people know what it means? Bullying Labor conflicts Protest marches gone wrong

Some questions to think about: Why do countries fight? How do conflicts arise? How are conflicts resolved? What can we learn from our everyday experience of resolving conflicts within our own lives? Can we apply our experience of resolving conflicts within our own lives to resolving large-scale conflicts (for instance, between countries or warring groups within countries)? What is terrorism? Terrorist or freedom-fighter – is there a real difference between the two or is it just perception?

IB community theme: sharing our humanity Global infectious diseases Malaria causes more than 300 million acute illnesses and at least one million deaths annually. Oxfam Life expectancy in Africa is 47 and falling, due to HIV. In all other continents it is rising. WHO 2006

Diseases in Peru Anorexia Bulimia Anxiety Depression Sleep problem Diseases                      Contributing Factors Rotavirus                       Infantil diarrhea Dengue                         Human demographic and behavior Toxic shock syndrome     Technology and Industry Cholera                       Climate change Influenza                     Microbial adaptation and change Anorexia Bulimia Anxiety Depression Sleep problem

IB community theme: sharing our humanity Digital divide: uneven access to information and communication technologies Only 2% of children in Africa have touched a computer before they leave school. Digital Links International

Digital Divide in Peru Today much of our information comes from the Internet. In order to learn, we must be able to connect to the Internet to find important information. The following statistics show how many people out of every 100 are connected to the Internet in different countries. Internet Subscribers per 100 Bolivia 2.08 Peru 3.65 South Africa 7.51 Chile 8.56 China 11.31 US 23.56 Germany 24.27

Do you think that Peru has the infrastructure to help its people learn? What do you think will happen to Peru in the future if its people cannot find information as easily as other people? The following graph shows the number of people that have access to “fast” Internet. How many countries from Latin America are in the top 30?

IB community theme: sharing our humanity Disasters and emergencies Five-fold increase in disasters from 1975 to 2005 2.54 billion people affected by disasters in the decade from 1995 to 2005. Poor are especially vulnerable to the effects Oxfam

Disasters and Emergencies in Peru Water (river) pollution due to mining Air pollution due to mining EL NIÑO and its consequences Frosts in Puno Mudslides in the highlands Droughts in Southern Peru Floods in Northern Peru

Environmental issues in Peru Seventy per cent of the Peruvian population live along the coast, where less than 2% of the country's water resources are found. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6412351.stm Cordillera Blanca, one of Peru’s natural glaciers,  are now 27 percent smaller than  they were 33 years ago.  It has lost so much ice, scientists don't even consider it a glacier any more. They call it an ice cap.  http://worldblog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2009/12/08/2146009.as Over 80% of marine pollution comes from land-based activities.  http://www.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/problems/pollution/ 54% of residents do not have access to clean water or sewage drainage systems http://www.meda.org/what/pml/resources/Peru.pdf Between 1990 and 2000, Peru lost an average of 94,300 hectares of forest per year. http://rainforests.mongabay.com/deforestation/2000/Peru.htm