Connecting to the Internet Through an ISP Networking for Home and Small Businesses – Chapter 4

Is the Internet just in the US/North America? The Internet Spans to Globe.

The Internet and ISP’s Internet – Network of networks that spans the globe and is owned by no single individual or group. ISP- Internet Service Provider – Examples would be SCRTC and Mediacom – Provides the connections and support to access the Internet POP – Point and Presence – Connection point between the ISP and individual computer(your home) and local networks(SCRTC/Mediacom) Connection to the Internet through and ISP can be through 1) Cable 2)Modem 3) Satellite 4)DSL 5) Leased Lines ISP’s are connected together by the Internet backbone which is a group of high-speed data links that interconnect ISPs

Go to page 4.1.5.1 to obtain the ISP Services graphic Business Class ISP services include more speed, extra web space and more e-mail accounts Go to page 4.1.5.1 to obtain the ISP Services graphic

Activity Let’s look at a local ISP and see what features they offer. We are mainly looking for Internet and network options during this search. Compare a local ISP and an ISP offered in a major city(You do not have to use the ones provided). Compare the two on the following features. What is the name of the ISP? What are the various speeds of Internet connections that they offer? How much does each speed of connection cost? Do they offer discounts on Internet costs if you purchase other services such as video or telephone? Do they offer web hosting or e-mail services and if they do how much are these services? http://www.scrtc.com/internet.html https://www.spectrum.com/internet.html Now On page 4.1.5.3 and complete the Levels of Service Activity(take a screenshot when finished)

What is required to connect???? In order to successfully connect to the Internet the following three items must be in place. AN IP Address A Network Connection Access To an Internet Service Provider(ISP) Options to connect…

Data Transfer Upload or Download is there a speed difference? Asymmetric Service DSL is a prime example where you can download faster than you can upload data Symmetric Service Leased lines and T1 lines allow equal speed for both uploads and downloads, this is used for connections Go to page 4.1.5.1 for the graphic over the two services.

IP = Internet Protocol IP is the protocol of the Internet without the TCP/IP suite on a computer very little concerning the Internet is going to happen. Insert the graphic from page 4.2.1.1

What happens to info at the ISP Once information leaves your local network and ends up at the ISP it will travel to the NOC which stands for Network Operations Center where decisions will be made on if the traffic remains local or is sent out onto the Internet.

Testing Connectivity Ping – Tests end to end connectivity between source and destination. It measures the time it takes a packet to make a round trip from the sender and receiver. Traceroute(tracert is the command to use in DOS) – Traces the route from source to destination, it lists routers that the packet travels through. Each router that a packet travels through is called a HOP

The Internet Cloud Sometimes when we are looking at getting information from point A to Point B there is no need to know every single device that stands between them and thus the Internet Cloud is used to represent such an occurrence.

Devices Inside the Internet Cloud Router DSLAM – DSL Access Multiplexer – allows DSL connections to be converted into a standard connection format CMTS – Cable Modem Termination System – allows cable modem connections to be converted into a standard connection format.

Activity Open the Cisco curriculum and complete the activity on page 4.3.2.3 Devices In The Internet Cloud Use the process of elimination to assist within the activity.

Physical requirements of a home network versus an ISP Most ISP’s will have multiple servers to handle e-mail, web hosting and address assignment. ISP’s must have stable power with battery backup(UPS) that will supply power to large power consuming pieces of equipment for an extended period of time. ISP’s must consider the temperature of the room where equipment will be stored at home it can be placed basically anywhere. Cable Management is a concern for both ISP’s and home based networks to help protect cables from damage and aid in troubleshooting problems

Cable Management????

When selecting a cable to connect your computer to a network Consider the Following two elements 1) Distance of cable run 2) Speed of transmission

Three Main types of networking cables.

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Advantages Easy to install Least expensive of all media Small diameter of cable Proper termination procedures insures reliable connection

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Disadvantages More prone to EMI/RFI than any other cable Shortest allowable length of any other cable.(100m) Improper termination and using low quality cable and connectors and lead to loss of signal clarity.

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Relies on cancellation to reduce EMI EMI = Electromagnetic Interference caused by lights, cell phones, etc. UTP is mainly used in home office and school style settings.

Coaxial Cable Advantages Longer cable runs than UTP & STP (up to 500m) Cheaper than using fiber for your backbone Technology is well known (Cable TV) Better at reducing EMI than UTP or STP

Coaxial Cable Disadvantages Thickness of cable Copper shielding must be grounded at both ends of the connection No longer used as a LAN media

Fiber Optics Advantages Longer runs than any other cable (2km) Higher data rates than any other cable (>100Mbps) NO EMI which means no interference!!

Fiber Optics Disadvantages Very expensive!! Difficult to install Therefore, fiber is used only for backbone installations.

Activity On page 4.4.4.3 can you select the best cable to use????

Cable Pinout’s Crossover Straight-Thru Rollover

Cable Standards Cabling standards will allow a network to function more efficiently and at a set level of performance.Without standards we cannot have reliable network communication The following are items specified within cabling standards. Pinouts (Color order for a specific type of cable) Cable Lengths Connector Types Exposed Wire and Untwisting of wire UTP cable is twisted together to help eliminate Crosstalk and exposed wire can pick up other signals that can interfere with network communication.

Cable Standards Which have we used so far????

Activity Using the Internet and websites such as Tiger Direct construct a price sheet for the following items. UTP (1000 feet), STP (1000 feet), Fiber (Multi Mode) (1000 feet) Coaxial (1000 feet) RJ-45 Connectors (100)

Connecting Cables Patch Panel – a switchboard the connects multiple devices into a centralized location. Why Use Patch Panels allows quick rearrangements of network connections Patch panels are intended for RJ-45 connections. To connect to a patch panel or a wall jack a punch down tool may be required to make a conductive path between wire and device.

Just what would happen if I run my cable to far Attenuation(loss of signal strength) – if a cable run exceeds the standard you risk the signal getting so weak that the receiving device does not know what it has just received.

Activity Using the patch panel and punch down tool connect your cable to the patch panel and to a network port. This simulates the cabling setup found in most offices and even some homes.