Before Giving Care and Checking an Injured or Ill Person Chapter 1 Before Giving Care and Checking an Injured or Ill Person

General Facts Unintentional injuries cause most childhood Deaths Leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults Cardiovascular deaths cause about 1 million deaths in the U.S each year. (1/2 Deaths in U.S) Knowing what to do may save someone Calling your local emergency numbers is the most important thing you can do. The sooner Medical Help arrives – the better a persons chances of surviving a life threatening situation.

Video “What would You Do?” (1:36) http://www.instructorscorner.org/media/videos/a2.html

The Emergency Medical Service System (EMS) The Citizen Responder The first and most crucial link in the EMS system. The person that recognizes an emergency exist and calls 911. 4 Steps to the EMS System Recognizing an Emergency Deciding to Act Activate the EMS System Provide Care

Step 1 – Recognize Emergencies Unusual Noise: Screams, yelling, calls for help, braking glass, screeching tires, equipment noise changes. Unusual Sights: Stalled vehicles, smoke, fire, gas, downed electrical wires. Unusual Odors: odors stronger than usual Unusual Appearances or Behaviors: Difficulty Breathing Clutching chest or throat Slurred Speech Sweating Unusual skin color

Step 2: Deciding to Act Reasons why people do not act: Presence of other people Uncertainly about victim Type of injury or illness Fear of catching a disease Fear of doing something wrong

Good Samaritan Act (page 4) All states have enacted Good Samaritan laws. This is a law that protects citizen responders who are willing to provide emergency care to injured or ill persons without accepting anything in return.

Good Samaritan Act More likely to help a family member Injury or illness – unpleasant- blood, vomit Fear of AIDS (p. 9-Fear of Aids) Worst thing to do is NOTHING Be prepared Chart – p. 10

Good Samaritan –Overdose Prevention Good Samaritan Laws – quick video (30 Seconds)

Step 3: Activate the EMS System First Aid can be the difference between life and death Often it DOES make a difference between complete recovery and permanent disability Recognize Emergency – Call Local #

Step4: Provide Care Give care until.. You see an obvious sign of life, such as breathing Another trained responder or EMS personnel takes over Your are too exhausted to continue The scene becomes unsafe.

How to be prepared for an emergency Keep important information about you and your family in a handy place. Keep medical insurance up to date Keep important phone numbers in an easy to find place. 911 poison control Keep first aid kit ready and available Wear medical alert tags Make sure your house numbers are readable.

What is First Aid First Aid is the immediate care given to a victim of injury or sudden illness until more advanced care can be obtained

Disease transmission Most common germs are bacteria and viruses Bacteria can live outside the body Viruses depend on other organisms to live The immune system is the # 1 defender against infections

Disease transmission to become infected? If germs in a person’s blood or other body fluids pass into your body through breaks in the skin or through the linings of the eyes, nose and mouth. Common colds are transmitted through the air we breath. (coughing and sneezing) Diseases can be transmitted by: Touching Breathing Biting

7 Guidelines to reduce disease transmission when providing first aid Avoid contact with the body fluid Use barriers (gloves, masks) Wear protective clothing Wash your hands immediately after giving care Don’t eat, drink or touch your mouth, nose or eyes when giving first aid Don’t touch objects soiled with blood Be prepared with a first aid kit

AIDS AIDS (p. 8) Preventing Disease Transmission AIDS is a condition caused by HIV. What does AIDS stand for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome It is a disease where the immune system is to weak to fight off common infections and viruses.

Three ways AIDS is Transmitted Through direct contact with the blood Through mucous membranes in the lining of the eyes, mouth, throat, rectum, and vagina Through womb, birth canal, or breast milk Add Slides on Shock

Pages 14-17 Part 2: Taking Action PREVIOUSLY CHAPTER 2

Checking the Victim Determine if the victim is conscious Tap them on the shoulder Speak loudly to them Call for an ambulance if no response

IF NOT breathing but has a pulse? Do Rescue breathing: a technique used to provide a non-breathing victim with oxygen. IF victim has no pulse – but heart is not beating properly – Start CPR Look over the victims body for bleeding

The 3 “C”s Part 3-Check, Call, Care

Checking the Victim Ask what happened? Check head to toe for any problems DO NOT move the victim Video -Checking an Unconscious Adult (3:36) http://www.instructorscorner.org/media/videos/a3.html Video – Checking an Unconscious Infant (1:51) http://www.instructorscorner.org/media/videos/a4.html

3 Basic Steps in an Emergency (p. 9) Look the scene over and ask yourself the following questions 1. Is the scene safe? Spills, chemicals, fire, traffic If the scene is unsafe – Stay away from the victim 2. Is immediate danger involved? 3. What happened? Look for clues, broken glass, fallen ladder, open medicine bottles 4. How many victims are there? Care for life threatening injuries first Don’t move the victim unless life is in danger 5. Can bystanders help? May be able to tell you what happened Assist you 6. What is wrong

Do no Future Harm Do not move the victim unless: When faced with immediate danger such as fire, lack of oxygen, risk of explosion or collapsing structure. Moving to another victim *** Know how to move the victim***

Call 911 Call # Give dispatcher all the information you can Don’t hang up until the dispatcher does Return and give care

When to Call Know your local emergency numbers (911) Call EMS if the victim is unconscious or if the conscious victim: Become unconscious Has trouble breathing or is breathing in a strange way Has chest pain Is bleeding severely Has pressure or pain in the abdomen that does not go away Is vomiting or passing blood Has seizures, a sever headache or slurred speech Appears to have been poisoned Has injures to the head neck or back Has possible broken bones

Also call for any of these…… Fire Explosion, downed electrical wires, rapidly rising water

4 steps when calling E.M.S Call emergency # Give Dispatcher the necessary information Location Phone # Your Name What happened How many people are involved Conditions of the victim (s) What help is being given Do not hung up until told to do so Return to care for the victim

Providing Care (p. 23) Treat life threatening emergencies first Watch Breathing and Consciousness Get permission for Care Talk to the victim Watch Temperature (too hot, too cold) If conscious ---talk---ask what happened?

Providing Care-Get Permission Do not give care to a conscious victim who refuses it. Permission in implied if a victim is unconscious or unable to respond or if a condition is serious and an implied supervising adult is not available for the child/

Part 4- Sudden Illness and Shock

Sudden illnesses (Chapter 9 p. 151) When a person becomes suddenly ill, he or she usually looks and feels sick. Give 2 examples of a sudden illness Stroke Heart attack

Shock- Video (1:52) http://www.instructorscorner.org/media/videos/a5.html

SHOCK Any severe bleeding can lead to shock Condition in which circulatory system fails to deliver blood to all parts of the body Organs DO NOT receive blood – they fail to function properly

To maintain adequate blood flow Heart must be working well Adequate amount of blood must be circulating in the body Blood vessels intact and able to adjust blood flow

Signs of Shock Restless and Irritable Altered consciousness Pale, cool, moist skin Rapid breathing Rapid pulse

What happens… Body attempts to adjust and send blood to the most important parts. Brain Heart Lungs Kidneys Does this by reducing blood flow to the arms, legs, and skin.

Caring for Shock Have the victim lie down (get them comfortable) –pain intensifies bodies stress Control any external bleeding Help the victim maintain normal body temperature (cool – cover to avoid chilling) Try to reassure the victim Elevate legs about 12 inches Unless head, neck, back injuries, broken hip or legs. If unsure – Leave lying flat Do not give them anything to eat or drink Call local emergency number Need advance medical care as soon as possible