Second Great Awakening .

Christians help Society 1797-1859—2nd Great Awakening 1st Great Awakening in 1740’s in colonial America Fiery preachers at revivals Individual responsibility to improve themselves their own salvation Christians help Society

Charles G. Finney .

Traveling “tent meetings” Inspire Christians with enthusiasm His “Social Gospel” offered salvation to all Father of Modern Revivalism

Charles Grandison Finney

Sabbatarian Reform Movement restrictions on Sunday mail, Sunday business Sunday travel, etc. Seventh Day Adventists

Revivals .

Tent meetings Personal commitment to God through the Gospel of JC Through good works, society could be changed

Mormons - Joseph Smith - Brigham Young .

Joseph Smith

Brigham Young

Reform movements .

Intended to transform society

Reform Timeline

Horace Mann .

Horace Mann

Reforms Results State board of Ed. = Oversight Free public schools Education needed for Democracy to survive with expanded electorate Abolish corporal punishment Professional teachers 1. States across country set aside $$$ 2. free public becomes “norm” 3. Students double

rehabilitation .

States began to help prisoners become law-abiding citizens Before -flogging -beatings -public stocks

Dorothea Dix .

Dorothea Dix Prisons Mental hospitals

Prison reform .

Dix found the mentally ill were being jailed with the prisoners

Abolitionist movement .

Mix of African and Christian beliefs Slave religion Mix of African and Christian beliefs Gave hope

Underground Railroad .

Routes of escape Underground Railroad

Nat Turner’s Rebellion .

Nat Turner Southern reaction: SLAVE CODES Illegal to read No groups

Denmark Vessey .

The revolt, which was scheduled to occur on July 14, 1822, was betrayed before it could be put into effect. As rumors of the plot spread, Charleston was thrown into a panic. Leaders of the plot were rounded up.

Vesey and 46 other were condemned, and even four whites were implicated in the revolt. On June 23 Vesey was hanged on the gallows for plotting to overthrow slavery.

"Vesey's example must be regarded as one of the most courageous ever to threaten the racist foundations of America.

Sectionalism required negotiation about whether new states would be admitted as free or slave. Congress was reluctant to admit new states to the Union because these states might disrupt the balance of power between free states and slave states.

William Lloyd Garrison .

William Lloyd Garrison Editor of The Liberator

William Lloyd Garrison Total Freedom NOW Founded American Anti-Slavery Society Total Equal Rights

Grimke Sisters .

Grimke Sisters

Became famous lecturing to women AND men about abolition Women’s rights in 1830’s First women to speak of Women’s Rights in America

Frederick Douglass .

Frederick Douglass PBS DVD 2-1-4

Escaped slave Taught himself to read as slave Published the North Star encouraging slaves to escape Powerful orator to northern white audiences

David Walker .

Handout

Appealed to slaves to rise up against their masters

His pamphlet outlawed in South David Walker His pamphlet outlawed in South 2nd Great Awakening brought more people to view slavery as anti-Christian Slavers would go to Hell.

American Colonization Society .

-1,100 people relocated -Liberia as their colony Good Trying to right a wrong Legitimate funding, land, and support Freedmen only Bad Trying to get rid of the strongest leaders (freedmen) Most considered the U.S. as their home

Robert Finley .

Founder of the American Colonization Society

South’s justification--racism 1. necessary 2. benefited the North 3. labor force was superior 4. fortunes tied with owner 5. Christianity supported 6. Could not survive without owners 7. inevitable

Slavery divides a Nation Most against abolitionists in North 1836 Gag rule Abolitionists stay vocal and persistant!

Temperance movement .

With industrialization…. Crime Sickness Poverty Neglected families ……attributed to alcohol

Handout

Women’s Rights Movement .

Lucretia Mott .

Organizer of the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention Lucretia Mott Organizer of the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention

Elizabeth Cady Stanton .

Planned the Seneca Falls convention SHE was the first to use the convention as a call for the right to vote

Seneca Falls Conference .

Stanton, Anthony, and Mott

PBS DVD 1-4-5

Seneca Falls Conference 1848 1st organized call for women’s suffrage Frederick Douglass Elizabeth Cady Stanton Lucretia Mott Susan B Anthony & more

Declaration of Sentiments .

The Declaration of Sentiments

Susan B. Anthony .

Sojourner Truth .

Sojourner Truth

Utopian Communities .

Believed manual labor good for the soul Transcendentalist movement led to communities trying to achieve group harmony Most failed miserably—not realistic

New Harmony .

Share everything and live in Harmony

Oneida .

Shared everything Every man was married to every woman

Brook Farm .

Brook Farm

Attracted intellectuals like Emerson and Thoreau Everyone share in agricultural work

William Lloyd Garrison Printed the Liberator William Lloyd Garrison