Miguel Ángel López Latin American Studies 2017 Big in Brazil Miguel Ángel López Latin American Studies 2017

Brazil

Brazil

Portugal - Spain

Treaties Treaty of Alcáçovas 1479 Portugal: Azores, Madeira, Cape Verde Castilla: Canary Islands 1481 Portugal: South Canary Islands  Africa Inter caetera 1493 Pope Alexander VI Treaty of Tordesillas 1494 World: Western part exclusive to Spain and the east part to Portugal. Treaty of Zaragoza 1529 Asia

Treaty of Tordesillas

Tordesillas

Portugal- Vasco da Gama

Portuguese Empire

Spanish Empire (+ Iberian Union 1581-1640)

King Manuel I of Portugal. An expedition to India. 13 ships left on March 9, 1500, following the route of Vasco da Gama. On April 22, 1500, he sighted land (Brazil), claiming it for Portugal and naming it the "Island of the True Cross.“ Brazil (pau brasil) Cabral stayed in Brazil for 10 days and then continued on his way to India

Pedro Álvares Cabral

Pedro Álvares Cabral 22.4.1500

Pau Brasil (Brazilwood)

Slavery

SUGAR CANE Portuguese cultivate sugar on the east coast of Brazil. Growing number of sugar plantations demanded more workers. Amerindian population had become smaller. Labor shortage  import slaves from Africa into Brazil to work on the plantations.

Maroons = escaped slaves Maroons  QUILOMBOS Maroons = escaped slaves Formed communities like those they were forced to leave in Africa  Quilombos Famous one: Palmares (1/2 1600)fought off several attempts by Portuguese and Dutch colonizers to destroy it. http://www.quilombocountry.com/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vj8lP-yg04U&feature=related BAHIA

Tiradentes (1746 - 21.4.1792) José Joaquim da Silva Xavier

Branqueamento Brazil  one of the last countries to end the slave trade and slavery. The Brazilian economy depended on African slave labor. 1850: Brazil abolished the trade in slaves in 1850 1888: All slaves in Brazil were set free. Racial discrimination. Branqueamento = Whitening  to make the people of Brazil more white, and less black. Brazil did not allow non-Europeans into the country. Cultural branqueamento.

Decline of the sugar industry in the 17th century Portuguese colonizers operating on the coast of Brazil go inland they found gold and diamonds Photo: Sebastiao Salgado, 1986 Gold Mine of Serra Pelada, Federal State of Para.

Cattle & Coffee

ECONOMY, PERIODS A case: Soybean 1. timber (Pau Brasil) in the first years of colonization 2. sugarcane in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries 3. precious metals (gold) and gems (diamonds) in the eighteenth century; 4. coffee and cattle in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. 5. land rich in natural resources principally iron ore, bauxite, manganese, nickel, uranium, gold, gemstones, oil, and timber.

The Sambadrome (Sambódromo)