American Romanticism and Transcendentalism

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American Romanticism

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Presentation transcript:

American Romanticism and Transcendentalism Overview 1800-1860

Characteristics of American Romanticism Values feeling and intuition over reason Places faith in inner experience and the power of the imagination Shuns the artificiality of civilization and seeks unspoiled nature Prefers youthful innocence to educated sophistication Champions individual freedom and the worth of the individual

American Romanticism cont… Reflects on nature’s beauty as a path to spiritual and moral development Looks backward to the wisdom of the past and distrusts progress Finds beauty and truth in exotic locales, the supernatural realm, and the inner world of the imagination Finds inspiration in myth, legend, and folklore Sees poetry as the highest expression of the imagination

Characteristics of the American Romantic Hero Is young or possesses youthful qualities Is innocent and pure of purpose Has a sense of honor based not on society’s rules but on some higher principle

Characteristics of American Hero Has a knowledge of people and life based on deep, intuitive understanding, not on formal learning Love nature and avoids town life Quests for some higher truth in the natural world

Transcendental View of the World Everything in the world, including human beings, is a reflection of the Divine Soul. The physical facts of the natural world are a doorway to the spiritual or ideal world. People can use their intuition to behold God’s spirit revealed in nature or in their own souls.

Transcendental View Self-reliance and individualism must external authority and blind conformity to custom and tradition. Spontaneous feelings and intuition are superior to deliberate intellectualism and rationality.

Philosophical Views A movement called Romanticism celebrates feeling over reason, imagination over science and nature over civilization. The Romantics also champion freedom and the development of the individual spirit A group of Romantics called the Transcendentalists believes that everything in the physical world is a reflection of the Divine Soul. Another group of Romantic writers explores the conflict between good and evil, the effects of guilt and sin, and the destructive underside of appearances.

Social Influences The lyceum movement furthers American education, self-improvement, and cultural development. Reform movements begin for women’s rights, child labor, temperance, and the abolition of slavery involving many Americans in social activism Utopian planners attempt to turn idealized visions of human potential into practical realities