WHAT IS POETRY? Poetry is the art of using words in a way that will make an image come alive. It expresses feelings, both good and bad. A great poem can make you see, hear, smell, taste, and touch the things the poet is writing about.

“Invitation” by Shel Silverstein If you are a dreamer, come in, If you are a dreamer, a wisher, a liar, A hope-er, a pray-er, a magic bean buyer... If you’re a pretender, come sit by my fire For we have some flax-golden tales to spin. Come in!

Sound Devices Sound devices add a musical quality to poetry. Poets use these devices to enhance a poem’s mood and meaning.

Repetition Word, sound, phrase, idea; used for emphasis. Always pay attention to repetition in writing. The author is trying to tell you something.

Rhyme Is the repetition of sounds at the ends of words. End rhyme occurs when the rhyming words come at the ends of lines. Internal rhyme occurs when the rhyming words appear in the same line, as in this Samuel Coleridge line. “In mist or cloud, on mast or shroud.”

Rhythm Rhythm is the beat created by the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables: The cat sat on the mat

Onomatopoeia is the use of words that imitate sounds: crash, bang, hiss, splat

Alliteration Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds in the beginning of words: Lovely lonely lights

Figurative Language Figurative language is writing or speech that is not meant to be taken literally.

Similes Similes use like or as to compare two apparently unlike things and show similarities between the two. EX: She is as slow as a turtle.

Metaphors Metaphors describe one thing as if it were something else. They often point out a similarity between two unlike things: The snow was a white blanket over the town.

Personification Personification gives human qualities to something that is non-human: Ex: The ocean crashed angrily during the storm.

Hyperbole Hyperbole is an exaggeration or overstatement used for comic effect or to increase emotion. Ex: A million bees had stung him.

Forms of Poetry Narrative: Narrative poetry tells a story in verse. Narrative poems often have elements similar to those in a short story, such as plot and characters.

Narrative Poetry Narrative poems tell a story in verse. Narrative poems have elements like those in a short story, such as setting, plot, and characters. Epics and ballads are types of narrative poems

Lyric Lyric poetry expressed the thoughts and feelings of a single speaker, often in highly musical verse.

Hide beneath the lily pads Haiku A haiku is a Japanese form of poetry. It is a three line poem that does not rhyme. Most haiku poems are about nature and seasons. Line 1 – Five syllables (where) Line 2 – Seven syllables (what) Line 3 – Five syllables (when) Example: Goldfish in my pond Hide beneath the lily pads In the summer sun

Limerick A limerick is a funny poem of five lines. There are three long lines that rhyme with the same syllable count and two short lines that rhyme with the same syllable count. The rhyme pattern is AABBA. Example: There once was a lady named Lily A Who loved to eat Texas hot chili A She’d jump up and down B Run all over town B Hot chili made Lily act silly A

Concrete (Shape) Poem Concrete poems are made up of words that have been placed in such a way that they make up the shape of an object. Shape poems do not have to rhyme. Use actions words, feeling words, or descriptive words.

Free Verse Is poetry not written in a regular rhythmical pattern or meter. Should use poetic techniques.

Example: The Spider A spinning spider Alliteration Weaves a web of white Alliteration That looks like lovely Simile Wispy clouds. Imagery The spider is a shadow. Metaphor He waits and wonders Personification If an unsuspecting fly Rhyme Will buzz on by. Onomatopoeia Be careful fly! Repetition Be careful fly!

Lyric Poetry Expresses the thoughts and feelings of a single speaker, often in musical verse. Lyric poetry is a broad category that includes many specific types of poems, such as sonnets, odes, and elegies.

Sonnets Sonnets are fourteen-line poems, with a formal tone that follow a specific rhyme scheme. Sonnets’ subjects often vary, but the purpose of a sonnet is to praise, as seen in “Harriet Beecher Stowe” Pertrarchan: abbaabbacdecde Shakespearean: ababcdcdefefgg

Odes Odes are poems with a formal tone, written for the single purpose of celebrating or honoring a person, object, or idea. Ex: “Ode to Enchanted Light”

Elegies Elegies are formal poems that reflect on death or other solemn, serious themes. The structure of elegies varies considerably. Ex: “O Captain! My Captain!”

Epic A long narrative poem that tells an exciting or inspiring story, usually about a hero. Epics often begin with an appeal to a muse- the beings that ancient Greeks believed controlled inspiration in the arts. “Invocation”

Ballad Song-like poem that tells a story, often dealing with adventure, tragedy, or romance. Ex: “John Henry” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydTRk 1l0ZqI