Mr. Nestlebush Pre-Ap world history ’15 – ‘16 Golden Age of Greece Mr. Nestlebush Pre-Ap world history ’15 – ‘16

Warm-up Why did the Persians attack Greece? What famous battle started the Persian wars? Who were the father and son that led Persia during the Persian wars?

Objectives Standard WHI.5 Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by: Characterizing life in Athens during the Golden Age of Pericles Citing contributions in philosophy with emphasis on Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle Evaluating the significance of the Peloponnesian War Essential Questions: Why was the leadership of Pericles important to the development of Athenian life and Greek culture? What were some important contributions of Greek culture to Western Civilization? Why was the Peloponnesian War important in the spread of Greek culture?

Setting the stage Athens just out of Persian wars Leading member of Delian league Led to Golden Age Drama Sculpture Poetry Philosophy Architecture Science

Pericles’s three goals for Athens Led Athens through Golden Age 461- 429 B.C.E. Skillful politician, inspiring speaker, respected general Three goals Strengthen Athenian democracy Hold and strengthen the empire Glorify Athens

Strengthen Athenian Democracy Increased # of public officials Only wealthy could hold office before because positions were unpaid Increased paid salaries Made Athens one of the most democratic governments in history Introduction of direct democracy Citizens rule directly and not through representatives Males who served in the assembly established all important policies

Golden Age of Athens Direct democracy Large number of citizens involved with government (mass meetings) Most Adult males had an equal voice Assembly was strong, 43,000 members Meetings every 10 days on a hillside Only 6,000 present Paid a stipend to men who held public office- meant even poor could take part

Democracy Created Juries 10 generals ran day to day affairs Practiced Ostracism Protected Athens from over-ambitious politicians Could banish them from Athens Bannished for 10 years

Hold and Strengthen Athenian Empire Pericles wanted to enlarge wealth and power of Athens Used money from Delian league to build Navy Strengthened safety of empire Prosperity depended on waterways Needed overseas trade to obtain grain and other raw materials

Glorification of Athens Used money to beautify Athens Buy gold, ivory, and marble Used to build Parthenon Pay artisans

Spartans and Athens Go to War Sparta attacks: Sparta invades Athens Burned countryside and food supply Pericles had everyone come into city behind wall Problems for Athens: Plague in 432 B.C.E. Navy defeated when they attacked Spartan ally Syracuse in 413 B.C.E. Sparta declared war on Athens 431 B.C.E. Called Peloponnesian War Advantages: Athens: Navy Sparta: Infantry

History: Thucydides account of the war Set example for historians Consequences War continued for 9 years until Athens surrendered 27 years of war Athens loses empire Confidence in democratic government wanes Greece weakening, while Macedonia is rising to power History: Thucydides account of the war Set example for historians Condemned atrocities Objective approach

Philosophers Search for Truth Lovers of wisdom Determined to seek truth Based on two assumptions Universe was put together in orderly way and subject to unchanging laws People can understand through logic and reason Sophists Questioned unexamined beliefs Protagoras- questioned existence of Greek Gods Said no universal truth Three famous philosophers Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Socrates Beliefs: Absolute standards for truth and justice Question yourself and moral character Socratic method Quote: “the unexamined life is not worth living” Trial: At age 70 brought to trial for “corrupting the youths of Athens” Argued his defense Was condemned to death

Plato Student of Socrates Wrote The Republic His vision of a perfect society Not a democracy Three groups: Artisans, warriors, ruling class Ruled by philosopher-king Lasting Importance Dominated European philosophical thought for 1,500 years

Plato Inspired by Socrates death Set up a school called “the Academy” Emphasized reason What is reality? What is good? Men smarter than women Women should be educated to serve state

Aristotle Beliefs: Famous student: Questioned nature of the world and human belief, thought, and knowledge Invented method of arguing Applied method to psychology, physics, and biology Basis of scientific method Famous student: Alexander the Great

Aristotle Good and bad examples of all governments Suspicious of democracy Favored strong single ruler Should pursue the “golden mean” Introduced the thought processes of natural science and the observation of nature into the history of ideas Set up a school, the Lyceum, studied all branches of knowledge

Standard WHI.5 Essential Questions: Revisit Objectives Students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by: Characterizing life in Athens during the Golden Age of Pericles Citing contributions in philosophy with emphasis on Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle Evaluating the significance of the Peloponnesian War Essential Questions: Why was the leadership of Pericles important to the development of Athenian life and Greek culture? What were some important contributions of Greek culture to Western Civilization? Why was the Peloponnesian War important in the spread of Greek culture?