Sir Isaac Newton’s Discovery www.assignmentpoint.com

Sir Isaac Newton, FRS December 1642 – 20 March 1727 was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian and one of the most influential men in human history www.assignmentpoint.com

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In June 1661, he was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge Soon after Newton had obtained his degree in August of 1665, the University closed down as a precaution against the Great Plague. www.assignmentpoint.com

In 1667 he returned to Cambridge as a fellow of Trinity.[11] Although he had been undistinguished as a Cambridge student,[10] Newton's private studies at his home in Woolsthorpe over the subsequent two years saw the development of his theories on calculus, optics and the law of gravitation In 1667 he returned to Cambridge as a fellow of Trinity.[11] www.assignmentpoint.com

Newton showed that white light is composed of light of all colors Newton showed that white light is composed of light of all colors. He used a glass prism to illustrate this. www.assignmentpoint.com

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Electromagnetic Spectrum www.assignmentpoint.com

Binomial Theorem www.assignmentpoint.com

Pascal’s Triangle www.assignmentpoint.com

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Newton’s discovery www.assignmentpoint.com

Newton could now apply this formula to fractional exponents www.assignmentpoint.com

He could now write binomials to fractional exponents www.assignmentpoint.com

A replica of a Newton reflecting telescope that he presented to theRoyal Society in 1672[15]. www.assignmentpoint.com

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Cassagrain Telescope www.assignmentpoint.com

Image of a refracting telescope from the Cincinnati Observatory in 1848 www.assignmentpoint.com

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Woodcut illustration of a 45 m (150 ft) focal length Keplerian astronomical refracting telescope built by Johannes Hevelius. From his book Machina coelestis (first part), published in 1673. www.assignmentpoint.com

Robert Hooke FRS (18 July 1635 – 3 March 1703) Hooke challenged Newton’s ideas. Newton had no stomach for controversy, so he stopped showing his ideas. www.assignmentpoint.com

Edmond Halley FRS  (8 November 1656 – 14 January 1742) was an English astronomer, geophysicist, mathematician, meteorologist, and physicist. www.assignmentpoint.com

Plaque in South Cloister of Westminster Abbey www.assignmentpoint.com

Halley told Newton that he and others were working on a problem: Find the Force of Attraction by the sun that will cause the planetary orbits to be elliptical Newton replied that he had solved this problem earlier. The solution is an inverse square law. Halley then urged Newton to publish this and other results. www.assignmentpoint.com

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Newton's own copy of his Principia, with hand-written corrections for the second edition www.assignmentpoint.com

Although Newton had invented the calculus and used it to derive many of his results, he choose to write the Principia in geometric language. This is because the modern algebraic form of analysis was not yet seen as a suitable form for writing mathematical ideas. It would take another 50 years before analysis would finally end the tyranny that geometric thinking held over mathematics. www.assignmentpoint.com

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Nothing like them had been seen before. Newton’s three Universal Laws of Motiopn were a giant first in the history of science. Nothing like them had been seen before. Before Newton, men observed nature and tried to describe nature in geometric (mathematical) terms. After Newton, we seek the fundamental laws. Then a particular problem is solved by using mathematics with the fundamental laws. www.assignmentpoint.com

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Application of Universal Laws Find the vertical motion of a particle near the surface of the earth, neglecting air friction. Initial Conditions: When t = 0, y = h and v = dy/dt = v0 www.assignmentpoint.com

Use Second Law: www.assignmentpoint.com

Initial condition 1: When , www.assignmentpoint.com

Initial Condition 2: When , www.assignmentpoint.com

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Newton Derives Kepler’s Law of Areas Line from the sun to the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times www.assignmentpoint.com

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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz 1 July 1646– 14 November 1716) was a German philosopher and mathematician www.assignmentpoint.com

Controversy over who invented Calculus, Newton or Leibniz? Today we believe that both men should share the discovery www.assignmentpoint.com

Isaac Newton in old age in 1712, portrait by Sir James Thornhill www.assignmentpoint.com

Newton enjoyed great fame in his final years He was recognized throughout Europe as the most outstanding mathematician – scientist of his time (or maybe all time) www.assignmentpoint.com

Newton statue on display at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History www.assignmentpoint.com

Newton's grave in Westminster Abbey www.assignmentpoint.com