Popular Culture in Europe in the 1500’s The World was a spiritual world, evil spirits. The village priest was often illiterate, but a source of comfort. Witches were suspected and considered bad luck. Recreation was limited. Printing almanacs, broadsides spread knowledge.

Daily Life Changed in Europe The standard of living changed in Europe, more people and fewer resources led to inflation. The diet because of the discovery of the New World changed. Housing was harsh as more people moved to the cities Traditional culture declined

The Scientific Revolution Swept Europe Experimentation through observation started the Scientific Revolution. Verifying results is known as the scientific method. Astronomy, Physics and Anatomy - Copernicus disproved the geocentric theory. Proposed the heliocentric theory, sun centered.

Physics, Astronomy and Anatomy cont. Kepler and Galileo proved Copernicus’ theory of a heliocentric solar system. Vesalius and William Harvey - experimentation and observation to improve medicine. Descartes, Bacon, Pascal were great thinkers of the time. Isaac Newton - Principals of Mathematics .

Other Great Inventors and Scientists Descartes argued that everything had to be proven. Sir Isaac Newton and Leibniz developed calculus. Anton Leeuwenhoek discovered the existence of bacteria. Robert Hooke - the theory of cells. Lavoisier and Boyle -Oxygen.

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

Copernicus’ Heliocentric Universe

Medieval View of the universe – crystalline spheres

Tycho Brahe

Music of the planets, by Kepler

S U N S P O T S Galileo’s observations: sun spots

Galileo’s observations: irregularities on the Moon MOON GAZING

Sir Isaac Newton

A L C H E M Y An Alchemist

Robert Boyle’s Contributions?

V E S A L I U Andreas Vesalius – Human body sketches

Andreas Vesalius – Human body sketches

Dissection

Ambroise Pare

William Harvey

15th Century Surgical Instruments

Clinical scene showing surgical procedures

Leg amputation in the 16th century

Barber surgeons

Family cupping after bath 1568

Man losing weight with leeches

Bleeding from the arm

B A C O N Sir Francis Bacon

Induction vs. Deduction COMPLEX TO SIMPLE Collect objective facts Draw a series of general conclusions or hypotheses SIMPLE TO COMPLEX Begin with general idea Find specific data to support hypothesis

DESCARTES Renee Descartes