Is “suffrage” worth dying for?
Window Pane Note Social Political Economic Religious
Political Reforms in England
No constitution til 1688 Laws based on common law Magna Carta and the Petition of Right 1628 (limited the power of the king) Monarch could not collect taxes No quarter of troops Military law could not be imposed during time of peace Adoption of “habeas corpus” – “you have the body” *Parliament held the real power—monarch could veto-have not do so since 1707
English Parliament 2 Houses House of Lords House of Commons (appointed/inherited) (elected by the British people) *Prime Minister is the leader of the political party that holds the majority seats in the House of Commons Two Political Parties The Whigs – Liberal Party The Tories—Conservative Party Early 1800s: Limited democracy (dominated by aristocratic landowners) -women could not vote; property required for men to vote Religion restriction—Jews, Catholics, and other non-Anglican cannot serve in the government.
Removal of Religious restrictions Catholic Emancipation Act 1829 Government officials must swear by “the truth faith of a Christian” in order to obtain position. *The Revolution of 1830 in France frightened leaders—violence might spread to England Result: The Reform Bill 1832- gave industrial cities more representation Changed in property requirement—granted suffrage to well to do men.
The Chartist Movement—”the People’s Chart of 1838” Demands: Suffrage be extended to all men A secret ballot End to property requirement for serving in Parliament Pay for member of Parliament Annual election Chartist movement failed to win demand until much later
Prime Minister William Gladston (1868-1894)—Liberal Party Pushed for greater reforms: The Reform Bill of 1867 –suffrage to all men The Ballot Act of 1872- provided for secret ballot The Reform Bill of 1884—extended voting right to rural men Women? John Stuart Mill, member of Parliament, supported suffrage for women. 1903- The Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU)- Emmeline Pankhurst campaigned for women’s suffrage.
Tactics used by women to get the Vote March on Parliament Bomb buildings Burn railway stations Write letters to editors Vandalism Self-sacrifice for the cause (Emily Davison-jumped in front of the King’s race horse and was killed). 1918- British women got the vote; 1920 US women granted the right to vote).
Quiz: Political /economic philosophers Business cycles Impacts of Industrial Rev. Supply/Demand Laws/reforms