Historical Inquiry Key Knowledge

Notes Any words that are bold and underlined are vocabulary words you will be held responsible for. This PPT corresponds with your notes page titled, “Historical Inquiry Key Knowledge” Fill in the definitions and write an example for each vocabulary word.

How Do Historians “Do” history? Source: Any place you can get information 5 Seconds Think Time: You walk by the Principal’s office, and notice your brother sitting inside with an ice pack. Where could you go for information to find out what happened? – Turn to the person next to you. Name ONE place you could go for information. Take turns quickly for 30 seconds.

Here or There? Primary Source: Secondary Source: Original material or evidence from the time period involved. (ex: artifacts, diary, interviews, newspaper article, photographs, speeches, works of art, literature, music, etc.) Secondary Source: Someone else’s interpretation or evaluation of a primary source(s) that is written after the time period. (ex: biographies, editorials, textbooks, many websites, etc.).

Primary or Secondary? Back to the brother in the office situation – Tell whether each source is Primary (hold up your index finger) or Secondary (hold up 2 fingers). You found a note your brother’s girlfriend wrote to her BFF about it, but she wasn’t even there. OMG. You speak to your brother himself (interview) PRIMARY! You read the office referral your parents had to sign. PRIMARY! SECONDARY!

All sources have a point of view or perspective.

10 seconds Silent Think Time: What is this a picture of? Answer: Mother, Daughter, Father all in one. Did you see one? Two? All three?

What is Perspective? Perspective/ Point of View: The way one person or group interprets or views a situation or event. Ex: Two people can view the same picture and see different outcomes. Two people experience the same situation differently.

Like to argue? Do it right! We’re going to live here.  What’s the difference between these two arguments?

An intelligent and respectable argument provides EVIDENCE Evidence: Facts or information that can be used to prove or disprove a statement, or claim. Claim: is a specific position or stance that the writer wants the audience to accept (Claim = position + evidence + reasoning ) Evidence can come in the form of: examples statistics data personal and expert opinions facts

Example 1: One Direction is the best band to come out this year, because they have sold the most records. Position Evidence Example 2: Oranges are good for you, because they provide essential nutrition your body needs.

The good, the bad, and the ugly Evidence needs to be three things in order to effectively support the claim. 1. Evidence needs to be Relevant. This means it is closely connected to and is appropriate for the claim. (Hands open to fingers clasped) 2. Evidence needs to be Credible which means it comes from a reputable and reliable source. (Two thumbs up) 3. Evidence needs to be Sufficient. This means it is strong enough to prove the claim true. (Strong arms)

The good, the bad, and the ugly cont’d What is wrong with this evidence? Think Time, Timed Pair Share (15 sec), shoulder partners, A’s first. A: Carrots make your eyes blurry, because my mom ate a lot of carrots, and now her eyes are blurry. NOT SUFFICIENT! B: Boys are more likely than girls to be bullied because bullying happens most often at after school programs. NOT RELEVANT! C: According to Wikipedia, the Earth will be uninhabitable by the time I’m 50 years old. NOT CREDIBLE!

Think of a bridge The road is your POSITION It is held up by your sufficient, relevant, credible EVIDENCE

Reasoning: the justification, or explanation that connects your evidence to your claim. Position REASONING/ EXPLANATION EVIDENCE

Implicit vs. Explicit Meanings Implicit: The meaning is not directly stated. A reader must infer. Inference: A conclusion based on prior knowledge and evidence or clues from a source. Explicit: The meaning is directly stated.

Implicit vs. Explicit – which is which? Oh, moooommm Who was being explicit? Implicit? Specific examples please. 10 seconds think time. Timed Pair Share. Face partners. 30 seconds each partner. Assign students to dramatically act out brother and sister roles? It is. Really?! You’ll mess up my score! Little sisters can be good at games too! … Nobody cares. FINE! Here’s the controller. You are evil. Just so you know… Gee, that looks like fun! MOOOOOOMMMMM!!!!! Now go away. But I am sooo bored! But you are my big brother!

When you find quality evidence… Summary: a shortened version of the source that includes only the main ideas and important details. Cite: To refer directly to what a source says and give them credit. (Using quoting, summarizing, paraphrasing, and citations) Ex: According to Mr. Zarco, “We Are One!”