Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

Southern Colonies Indentured servants s.colonies Southern Colonies Indentured servants Slaves to work the large plantations Fertile soil Grew rice, tobacco and cotton Mostly Rural Hard to est. schools and churches Fought with Native Americans

George Calvert George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, converted to Catholicism, and it ended his career. He wanted land in America, as a haven for Catholics and for personal wealth. Calvert founded a settlement in Canada, but it was too cold for him. He tried to move to Jamestown, but was banned because of his religion. He asked King Charles for land around Chesapeake Bay. Calvert died before the land was granted, but his son received the rights and founded Maryland.

Maryland: Catholic Haven Founded 1634 by Lord Baltimore LB gave lots of estates to his relatives Tolerated all Christians Prospered with Tobacco/Indentured Servants/Slaves Class Struggle The founding of Maryland: The founding of the Church of England as the nation’s official church made life difficult for Roman Catholics living there. Some English Catholics were influential. George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, converted to Catholicism, and it ended his career. He wanted land in America, as a haven for Catholics and for personal wealth. Calvert founded a settlement in Canada, but it was too cold for him. He tried to move to Jamestown, but was banned because of his religion. He asked King Charles for land around Chesapeake Bay. Calvert died before the land was granted, but his son received the rights and founded Maryland. Because of clashes between Catholics and Protestants, the Toleration Act was passed to protect the right of all Christians to practice their religion in Maryland. Photo: Cecil Calvert, second Lord Baltimore. Cecil Calvert (1606-1675) was George Calvert's son and heir. In 1632, Cecil became the second Baron of Baltimore and the first Lord of Proprietary of both Avalon and Maryland. From Justin Winsor, ed., Narrative and Critical History of America: English Explorations and Settlements in North America 1497-1689, Vol. III (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Company, 1884) 546.

British Triangle Trade

The Carolinas Charles II granted a huge tract of land between VA and Spanish Florida to 8 nobles in 1663

The Carolinas Was co-owned by eight men Gave themselves large estates Some people had to pay to bring in boatloads of settlers. Southern Carolina Had a port in Charles Town Had prosperous estates of aristocrats Plantation owners from West Indies moved there with their enslaved Africans. Northern Carolina settlers were small farmers without slaves. They did not have a good harbor.

Settling South Carolina Created in 1670 Developed Economic Ties with West Indies Many settlers from Barbados Had a large sugar and rice economy

Democratic North Carolina Many settlers were “Squatters” Strong resistance to Authority 1712 – N. and S. Carolina separated Settlers established small, self-sufficient tobacco farms

Georgia James Oglethorpe, humanitarian and member of English Parliament, wanted debtors to have a new start in life instead of going to prison. He and 20 other trustees received a charter to settle Georgia. In 1733 he founded city of Savannah, Georgia, with a boatload of colonists. The trustees governed, but did not own land or expect a profit. Georgia’s population included former debtors, impoverished British craftspeople, religious refugees from Germany and Switzerland. By 1770 nearly half of the population was made of enslaved Africans.

Georgia – The Last Colony Set up for 2 reasons Buffer between Spain Prisoner Colony In the beginning – NO SLAVERY England takes over eventually (royal colony) Plantation Economy By 1770 HALF of GA is slaves