Blade Designs using Radial Equilibrium Theory P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department A Choice of Designs with Stable Operation of A Machine

Major Modules in Turbine Blades

Twisted Blades for Radial Equilibrium of Fluid

Lessons from Nature

General Rules for Selection of Whirl Component : 1 Free Vortex Whirl:

General Rules for Selection of Whirl Component : 2 Forced Vortex Whirl :

HybridModels for Whirl Velocity Weighted mean of free and forced vortices Inlet Exit

Biased Models for Whirl Velocity General Whirl Distribution

Radial Variation of Whirl Velocity Intake Discharge

Radial Variation of Flow Velocity in Advanced Turbines Discharge Intake

Radial Variation of Mass flow rate Intake Discharge

Pressure Controlled Vortex Model

Other Physics Based Models Uniform distribution of mass flow rate. Uniform distribution of forces. Uniform distribution of torque.

High-performance blading : Advanced Aero Design

Hardware to Construct a Flow Path

Smarter ways of Constructing a Flow Path

Two Major Steps in Creation of Turbine blade Develop a new blade designs based on Ideal Fluid Conditions – A generalized Procedure. Modify the design details for Real Fluid Conditions.

The Duty of airfoil in the Role of Turbine Blade

Effect Based Description

Calculation of lift force The lift force L is determined by integration of the measured pressure distribution over the airfoil’s surface. where, pi = surface pressure distribution , p = pressure in the free-stream U∞ = free-stream velocity,  = air density (temperature), c = airfoil chord

Definition of lift and drag Coefficients Lift and drag coefficients Cl and Cd are defined as:

Can We Identify the Cause? Which is best for describing how aircraft get the needed lift to fly? Bernoulli's equation or Newton's laws and conservation of momentum? 

Flights Flying Upside Down

The Natural Genius & The Art of Generating Lift

Hydrodynamics of Prey & Predators

The Art of C-Start

The Art of Complex Swimming

An Engineering Domination to Natural Experts Flying Faster ??????????????? Isn’t it very easy to do?????

Giffard’s Air Ship

The Shocking News The New York Times wrote that maybe 1 million to 10 million years they might be able to make a plane that would fly ?!?!?! People had dreamed of flying for many years. The United States Army was trying to develop an airplane in 1903, but the plane wouldn't fly. Only eight days later two men were successful in flying the first manned plane. They were Wilbur Wright and his younger brother, Orville. Controlled, powered flight had seemed impossible until Orville Wright took off on the 17th December 1903.

The Great Grand Fathers of Modern Flights

Kate Carew Interviews the Wright Brothers “Are you manufacturing any racing machines?” “Not just now, but we intend to.” “How much can I buy one for?” “Seven thousand five hundred-dollars.” “Is that all? It doesn’t seem like an outside price for a perfectly good airship?” “Airship!” shouted the Wright brothers indignantly. “Is that the wrong word?” “An airship,” said Wilbur contemptuously, “is a big, clumsy balloon filled with gas.” “Well, I don’t see why your biplane shouldn’t be called an airship, too.” “It’s a flying machine,” said Wilbur. “The name we prefer is ‘flyer,’” said Orville. “An airship would cost $50,000,” said Wilbur. “More like $150,000,” said Orville, and they argued the question.

Transformation of an Airship into a Flying Machine http://www.wrightbrothers.org/History_Wing/Aviations_Attic/Carew_Interview/Carew_Interview.htm Transformation of an Airship into a Flying Machine

Development of an Ultimate Fluid machine

19th Century Inventions H F Phillips Otto Lilienthal

History of Airfoil Development