Providing for Individual and Family Needs 14 Providing for Individual and Family Needs

What Every Human Needs People need the same basic things to survive How people meet their basic needs varies Abraham Maslow’s Theory of Human Needs identifies people’s needs in order of priority Physical needs Safety and security Love and acceptance Esteem Self-actualization continued

What Every Human Needs People’s basic physical needs include food and water clothing and shelter sleep adequate medical and dental care All people need to feel safe and secure Structured routines provide a sense of stability continued

What Every Human Needs People need love and acceptance from others Develop encouraging and supportive relationships People need to establish self-esteem and self-respect Positive interactions let people know they are cared for and valued The need for self-actualization, to fully realize one’s own potential, is a lifelong process

Managing Individual and Family Resources Setting goals and using the decision-making process can help people form a plan for how to meet their needs Knowing how to manage finances helps families provide for basic physical needs Finances are money-related issues, including income, expenses, and savings continued

Managing Individual and Family Resources Many families develop a budget to help them manage their money Five basic steps to creating a budget include defining goals determining income identifying spending needs for fixed expenses and flexible expenses evaluating the budget revising as needed continued

Managing Individual and Family Resources Finding affordable sources of good, nutritious food is important Shopping lists can help people stay within budget and also prevent impulse buying Consumers have many options available to them when shopping for foods continued

Managing Individual and Family Resources Knowing where to shop can help families maintain their food budget Five types of food stores include supermarkets discount or warehouse supermarkets convenience shops specialty stores farmer’s markets and roadside stands continued

Managing Individual and Family Resources Reading the Nutrition Facts panel can help people make wise, healthful food choices continued Food and Drug Administration

Managing Individual and Family Resources Food assistance programs are available for low-income families school programs child and adult care centers emergency disaster relief Many nonprofit organizations also provide local support continued

Managing Individual and Family Resources Clothing helps meet many human needs Vendors or stores that sell clothing include department stores outlet stores discount stores specialty shops and boutiques thrift shops yard and garage sales continued

Managing Individual and Family Resources Clothing needs change throughout life Infants need soft, warm comfortable clothes Toddlers benefit from self-help features Preschoolers and school-age children need clothes that are not too tightly fitting Adolescents select clothes to best fit personality Young and middle-aged adults need work attire and clothes to match personal interests Older adults need comfortable, nonrestrictive clothes continued

Managing Individual and Family Resources Shelter provides physical protection from weather, warmth, safety, and security Families select housing based on family size, finances, and location continued ©V. J. Matthew/Shutterstock.com

Managing Individual and Family Resources Single-family housing shelters one family Multiple-family housing may shelter two or more families Apartments, townhomes, and duplexes are examples Renters are required to sign a lease Homeowners may need a mortgage continued

Managing Individual and Family Resources Transportation is a need for many people The two main types of transportation are private and public transportation Rural areas usually have fewer public transportation options than urban areas Factors that affect transportation needs are where people live distance to destination finances

Protecting Children In the late 1800s and early 1900s in the U.S., children were seen as economic property Today, children are treated much differently and are protected by laws Referred to as children’s rights Many agencies and services exist to help protect the rights of children continued

Protecting Children Parents and caregivers are responsible for protecting children’s health and well-being Sadly, some children and teens suffer from neglect or abuse by adults Both neglect and abuse of children are illegal continued

Protecting Children Child neglect involves endangerment of or harm to a child caused by an adult’s failure to provide for the child’s basic needs Types of child neglect include physical neglect medical neglect educational neglect emotional neglect continued

Protecting Children Child abuse involves threatening to or inflicting harm on a child Types of child abuse include physical abuse emotional abuse sexual abuse The causes for neglect and abuse vary, but they still produce the same hurtful results continued

Protecting Children Risk factors associated with neglect and abuse can be grouped into four types Parent or caregiver Family Child Environmental Children are not responsible for being victims of abuse or neglect continued

Protecting Children Many of these risk factors relate to stressors Economic distress Parental personality issues Depression and other mental health problems Substance abuse Poor parenting skills The presence of risk factors does not mean that neglect or abuse is taking place continued

Protecting Children The effects of both neglect and abuse are devastating to children and teens Many times physical and emotional abuse exist together Even after proper care is given and abuse stops, the effects can impact children and teens well into their adult years continued

Protecting Children Individuals, families, communities, and society can all play a part in preventing child neglect and abuse Raise public awareness Provide educational materials Increase parents’ knowledge of children Recognize risk factors Provide referrals to community support systems continued

Protecting Children If you suspect neglect or abuse, you have a responsibility to report the situation When cases of child neglect or abuse are confirmed, treatment for the child can begin Treatment programs are developed to address children’s individual needs Treatment for the abusers is determined on a case-by-case basis

Protecting Older Adults As older adults become more vulnerable, they may become victims of elder abuse Elder abuse causes are complex and varied Researchers generally believe that far more elders are abused by family members than by outside caregivers Many incidents of elder abuse go unreported continued

Protecting Older Adults Types of elder abuse and mistreatment include physical abuse sexual abuse emotional or psychological abuse neglect self-neglect abandonment material exploitation continued

Protecting Older Adults There are many possible signs and symptoms that may indicate elder abuse Many older adults do not report the incidences, even if they are able to do so Because the abuser is often a family member, the older adult may be afraid to report the abuse Older adults should be encouraged to report cases of abuse continued

Protecting Older Adults Adult Protective Services (APS) is the primary agency that investigates claims of elder abuse and neglect Other agencies may also provide assistance and investigate claims of elder abuse Victims of elder abuse need support and help to recover