Reconstruction Texas

Confederate states will not have to. The end of the Civil War did not end the conflict that Americans were having with each other about States’ Rights and slavery. Reconstruction was a period to help the North and South heal and transition former slaves into the mainstream, but with the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, the objective will change. The goal will be to punish the South and liberate former slaves but with little direction. Texas will be affected like the rest of the South but because of its geographical location, economically, socially, and politically Texas will face a turning point in its history and issues that other former Confederate states will not have to.

Reconstruction The federal government’s plan to restore the South to Union after the Civil War.

Emancipation Proclamation Freed all slaves

If you believe the statement is correct, stand up. Step Up Game If you believe the statement is correct, stand up.

Reconstruction was period of time after the Civil War when southern states would be admitted back into the Union. YES

YES The Freedmen’s Bureau was an agency to help former slaves transition from slavery to freedom. YES

Most Texans who worked the ranches and cattle drives after the Civil War were Anglos. (No – Mexican and African-Americans)

During Reconstruction, steamboats continued to be the most reliable type of transportation in Texas. (No – Railroads)

(No – the day Texas slaves found out they were no longer slaves) Juneteenth is the day that former slaves were given their right to vote across the U.S

Freedmen‘s Towns were areas of land owned by groups of former slaves. (Yes)

The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments are known as the Reconstruction (Yes)

The 13th Amendment ended slavery. (Yes)

Texas had to ratify the Reconstruction Amendments to be readmitted back into the Union. (Yes)

Edmund J. Davis was the last Republican governor of Texas for almost 100 years. (Yes)

Manufacturing was the most important industry in Texas until the end of the 20th century. (No – Agriculture)

the same constitution Texans The Constitution of 1876 is the same constitution Texans follow today. (Yes)

Native Americans became farmers during Reconstruction. (No – Fought Texas settlers)

Black Codes were laws to help former slaves become citizen. (No- Segregated blacks from whites by law)

Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction Admit Southern states back into the Union ASAP End slavery Declare secession illegal All adult white males had to take an oath of loyalty to the Union

Congressional Plan for Reconstruction North thought it was too easy on the South Texas did not approve the 13th and 14th amendments The South was under the Army’s control Adult white males had to take an Ironcald Oath to vote – (swear they never voluntarily supported the Confederacy) South resented Congress

Southerners who supported Reconstruction Scalawags (rascal) Southerners who supported Reconstruction

Northern outsiders who moved to Texas after the Civil War Carpetbagger Northern outsiders who moved to Texas after the Civil War

POLITICAL EFFECTS OF RECONSTRUCTION • Juneteenth – Texas slaves are officially freed by General Gordan Granger on June 19, 1865. • Passing of the Reconstruction amendments • 13th Amendment – abolished slavery • 14th Amendment – Blacks were citizens. • 15th Amendment – All men were guaranteed the right to vote. • Johnson’s Plan – creation of a provisional government • Andrew J. Hamilton becomes the provisional governor and quickly implements Johnson’s Plan. • Constitutional Convention of 1866 – refused to ratify 13th Amendment • Creation of “Black Codes” which were laws that prohibited freedmen full citizenship

• Reconstruction Acts – Radical Republicans took control of • Reconstruction Acts – Radical Republicans took control of Congress and passed laws that restructured the South into military districts. • Ironclad Oath – In order to vote, adult white males in the South had to take an “ironclad oath” which stated that they never voluntarily supported the Confederacy. •Davis Administration – a controversial governor that passed laws that Democrats called “the obnoxious acts” which declared martial law, created a state police, and increased spending and the debt. • Constitution of 1876 resulted in a weaker governor’s office because of the Constitutions of 1866 and 1869 • 100 years of Democratic party rule in Texas

ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF RECONSTRUCTION • Shortage of free labor • Inadequate production in agriculture and business • Transportation disrupted; growth of tenant farming and sharecropping • Texas did not suffer as much destruction as other Southern states.

SOCIAL EFFECTS OF RECONSTRUCTION • June 19th or Juneteenth celebrated by freed slaves; is now a state holiday • Freedmen’s Bureau established – provided food, shelter, and medicine for freedmen and, most importantly, opened the first schools for blacks in Texas; For more than 100 years, such schools were in operation in Texas. • Control of public schools was returned to local authorities. • Jim Crow laws became a feature of Southern segregation. • Immigration to Texas increased.

Take out a sheet of paper and number 1 -15.

1. Reconstruction was period of time after the Civil War when southern states would be admitted back into the Union. 2. The Freedmen’s Bureau was an agency to help former slaves transition from slavery to freedom. 3. Most Texans who worked the ranches and cattle drives after the Civil War were Anglos. 4. During Reconstruction, steamboats continued to be the most reliable type of transportation in Texas.

5. Juneteenth is the day that former slaves were given their right to vote across the U.S. 6. Freedmen‘s Towns were areas of land owned by groups of former slaves. 7. NO 8. The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments are known as the Reconstruction Amendments. 9. The 13th Amendment ended slavery.

10. Texas had to ratify the Reconstruction Amendments to be readmitted back into the Union. 11. Edmund J. Davis was the last Republican governor of Texas for almost 100 years. 12. Manufacturing was the most important industry in Texas until the end of the 20th century. 13. The Constitution of 1876 is the same constitution Texans follow today. 14. Native Americans became farmers during Reconstruction.

15. Black Codes were laws to help former slaves become citizen.