Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Section 1: Cell Discovery and Theory Section 2: The Plasma Membrane Section 3: Structures and Organelles Section 4: Cellular Transport

All organisms are composed of one or more cells. Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory The Cell Theory All organisms are composed of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms. All cells come from preexisting cells.

Magnifies images up to 1,000 times the actual size Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory Light Microscopes Utilizes a series of glass lenses and visible light to magnify an image Magnifies images up to 1,000 times the actual size

Utilizes magnets to aim a beam of electrons at a cell to produce Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory Electron Microscopes Utilizes magnets to aim a beam of electrons at a cell to produce an image Magnifies images up to 500,000 times the actual size 9560x Microscopy Links http://biologygmh.com/

Contains a plasma membrane Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory Prokaryotic Cell Simple structure Contains a plasma membrane Does not contain membrane-bound organelles 11,000x

More complex structure Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory Eukaryotic Cell More complex structure Contains a plasma membrane Contains membrane-bound organelles 400x

Thin, flexible boundary between the cell and its environment Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.2 The Plasma Membrane Plasma Membrane Thin, flexible boundary between the cell and its environment Allows nutrients into the cell Allows waste to leave the cell

Selective Permeability Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.2 The Plasma Membrane Selective Permeability The plasma membrane controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell. Plasma Membrane Controls the amount of a substance entering the cell Controls the amount of a substance leaving the cell

The plasma membrane is composed of the phospholipid bilayer. Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.2 The Plasma Membrane The plasma membrane is composed of the phospholipid bilayer. A phospholipid molecule is composed of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group.

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.2 The Plasma Membrane Fluid Mosaic Model The phospholipid bilayer allows other molecules to “float” in the membrane. Other Components Proteins Cholesterol Carbohydrates

Transmit signals inside the cell Act as a support structure Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.2 The Plasma Membrane Proteins Transmit signals inside the cell Act as a support structure Provide pathways for substances to enter and leave

Prevents fatty acid tails from sticking together Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.2 The Plasma Membrane Cholesterol Prevents fatty acid tails from sticking together

Identify chemical signals Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.2 The Plasma Membrane Carbohydrates Identify chemical signals

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function

Plant and Animal Cell Structures Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.3 Structures and Organelles Plant and Animal Cell Structures Animal Cell Plant Cell Visualizing Plant and Animal Cell Structures Cellular Pursuit

7.3 Structures and Organelles Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.3 Structures and Organelles

7.3 Structures and Organelles Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.3 Structures and Organelles

7.3 Structures and Organelles Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.3 Structures and Organelles

7.3 Structures and Organelles Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.3 Structures and Organelles

Short, numerous projections that look like hairs Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.3 Structures and Organelles Cilia Short, numerous projections that look like hairs 400x Flagella Longer and less numerous than cilia Create movement with a whiplike motion 26,367x

Movement of particles across the cell membrane without using energy Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.4 Cellular Transport Passive Transport Movement of particles across the cell membrane without using energy Three Modes of Passive Transport Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Osmosis

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.4 Cellular Transport Diffusion Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration Initial Conditions Diffusion Low High High Low

Diffusion is controlled by Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.4 Cellular Transport Diffusion is controlled by Temperature Pressure Concentration Dynamic Equilibrium Reached when diffusion of material into the cell equals diffusion of material out of the cell Molecules continue to move, but the overall concentration remains the same.

Diffusion in a Cell 7.4 Cellular Transport Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.4 Cellular Transport Diffusion in a Cell

Facilitated Diffusion Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.4 Cellular Transport Facilitated Diffusion Movement of materials across the plasma membrane using proteins

Channel Proteins Carrier Proteins 7.4 Cellular Transport Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.4 Cellular Transport Channel Proteins Carrier Proteins

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.4 Cellular Transport Osmosis Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane Three Types of Solutions Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.4 Cellular Transport Isotonic Solution Water and dissolved substances diffuse into and out of the cell at the same rate. Plant Cell Blood Cell 11,397x

Solute concentration is higher inside the cell. Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.4 Cellular Transport Hypotonic Solution Solute concentration is higher inside the cell. Water diffuses into the cell. Plant Cell Blood Cell 13,000x

Solute concentration is higher outside the cell. Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.4 Cellular Transport Hypertonic Solution Solute concentration is higher outside the cell. Water diffuses out of the cell. Plant Cell Blood Cell 13,000x

Active Transport Using Carrier Proteins Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.4 Cellular Transport Active Transport Movement of particles across the cell membrane using energy Active Transport Using Carrier Proteins

Types of Active Transport Pumps Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.4 Cellular Transport Types of Active Transport Pumps Na+/K+ ATPase pump Moves three Na+ ions out of the cell and two K+ ions into the cell Sodium-Potassium Pump

Process by which the cell surrounds and takes particles into the cell Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.4 Cellular Transport Endocytosis Process by which the cell surrounds and takes particles into the cell Exocytosis Secretion of material out of the plasma membrane

Chapter Resource Menu Chapter Diagnostic Questions Cellular Structure and Function Chapter Resource Menu Chapter Diagnostic Questions Formative Test Questions Chapter Assessment Questions Standardized Test Practice biologygmh.com Glencoe Biology Transparencies Image Bank Vocabulary Animation Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding lesson.

If you wanted to see a three-dimensional Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Chapter Diagnostic Questions If you wanted to see a three-dimensional image of DNA from a live specimen, which type of microscope would you use? scanning electron microscope transmission electron microscope scanning tunneling microscope simple light microscope

Which is not a part of the cell theory? Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Chapter Diagnostic Questions Which is not a part of the cell theory? Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living things. All living things are composed of one or more cells. Cells arise only from previously existing cells. Cells are produced spontaneously as an organism grows.

Which cell organelles are directly involved with Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Chapter Diagnostic Questions Which cell organelles are directly involved with the production of proteins? ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus cell membrane, lysosome, Golgi apparatus nucleus, centriole, vacuole endoplasmic reticulum, cilia, mitochondrion

Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek designed microscopes that Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.1 Formative Questions True or False Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek designed microscopes that enabled them to see organelles within the cells they observed.

Which type of electron microscope directs Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.1 Formative Questions Which type of electron microscope directs electrons over the surface of a nonliving specimen, producing a three-dimensional image? transmission electron microscope scanning electron microscope scanning tunneling electron microscope atomic force microscope

All cells, whether eukaryotic or prokaryotic, have a plasma membrane. Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.1 Formative Questions True or False All cells, whether eukaryotic or prokaryotic, have a plasma membrane.

What feature of eukaryotic cells has enabled Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.1 Formative Questions What feature of eukaryotic cells has enabled them to develop more specific functions than prokaryotic cells? nucleus organelles genetic material (DNA) larger cell size

Which term describes the function of proteins Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.2 Formative Questions Which term describes the function of proteins found on the outer surface of the plasma membrane? identifiers receptors supporters transporters

Which component of the plasma membrane Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.2 Formative Questions Which component of the plasma membrane contributes to the fluidity of the plasma membrane? phospholipids proteins carbohydrates cholesterol molecules

What is the function of carbohydrates that Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.2 Formative Questions What is the function of carbohydrates that stick out from the outer surface of the plasma membrane? They give the cell shape and enable it to move. They give the plasma membrane fluidity. They help the cell identify chemical signals. They hold the cell in place.

In prokaryotic cells, where does the conversion Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.3 Formative Questions In prokaryotic cells, where does the conversion of fuel particles into usable energy occur? cytoplasm DNA mitochondria ribosomes

Which organelle is similar to the section of a Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.3 Formative Questions Which organelle is similar to the section of a factory that organizes, boxes, and ships the final product? chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus mitochondrion

In which structure is light energy captured and Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.3 Formative Questions In which structure is light energy captured and converted to chemical energy? chloroplast lysosome nucleus vacuole

Which type of cellular transport does not require an input of energy? Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.4 Formative Questions Which type of cellular transport does not require an input of energy? active transport endocytosis exocytosis facilitated diffusion

How does osmosis occur between the Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.4 Formative Questions How does osmosis occur between the two solutions separated by the selectively permeable membrane?

Sugar moves to the right. Water moves to the left. Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.4 Formative Questions Sugar moves to the left. Sugar moves to the right. Water moves to the left. Water moves to the right.

Which diagram shows a cell in a hypotonic solution? Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function 7.4 Formative Questions Which diagram shows a cell in a hypotonic solution?

Compare and contrast plant and animal cells. Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Chapter Assessment Questions Compare and contrast plant and animal cells. Answer: Plant cells have both cell walls and chloroplasts. Animal cells do not have these structures. Only animal cells contain lysosomes. Both plant and animal cells have plasma membranes, a nucleus, mitochondria, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, centrioles, a nucleolus, ribosomes, and a cytoskeleton.

Identify the structure represented by this image. Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Chapter Assessment Questions Identify the structure represented by this image. Answer: plasma membrane and phospholipid bilayer

_______ is the net movement of particles from Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Chapter Assessment Questions _______ is the net movement of particles from an area where there are many particles of the substance to an area where there are fewer particles of the substance. Diffusion Endocytosis Exocytosis Equilibrium

What is the magnification of a compound light Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Standardized Test Practice What is the magnification of a compound light microscope that uses a 10X lens in series with a 25X lens? 2.5X 25X 35X 250X

What part of the plasma membrane makes it Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Standardized Test Practice What part of the plasma membrane makes it difficult for water-soluble substances to move freely into and out of the cell? membrane proteins transport proteins the nonpolar tails in the middle of the plasma membrane the polar heads facing the inside and outside of the cell

Muscle cells require a great amount of energy. Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Standardized Test Practice Muscle cells require a great amount of energy. Which would you expect to find in large numbers in muscle cells? centrioles endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria ribosomes

In what type of cell would you most likely Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Standardized Test Practice In what type of cell would you most likely expect to find numerous lysosomes? a plant cell that stores food, enzymes, or other materials a plant cell that uses light energy for photosynthesis

In what type of cell would you most likely Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Standardized Test Practice In what type of cell would you most likely expect to find numerous lysosomes? a single-celled organism that moves around its environment a white blood cell that digests bacteria and viruses

Why are the carrier proteins that move Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Standardized Test Practice Why are the carrier proteins that move substances across a plasma membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration called pumps?

They require energy to move substances Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Standardized Test Practice They require energy to move substances against a concentration gradient. They open and close to allow substances to diffuse across the plasma membrane. They help with the osmosis of water through the plasma membrane. They pump water into the cell, causing the pressure within the cell to increase.

Glencoe Biology Transparencies Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Glencoe Biology Transparencies

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Image Bank

Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Image Bank

Section 1 Vocabulary cell cell theory plasma membrane prokaryotic cell Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Vocabulary Section 1 cell cell theory plasma membrane prokaryotic cell eukaryotic cell organelle nucleus

Section 2 Vocabulary selective permeability phospholipid bilayer Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Vocabulary Section 2 selective permeability phospholipid bilayer transport protein fluid mosaic model

Section 3 Vocabulary cytoplasm cytoskeleton ribosome nucleolus Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Vocabulary Section 3 cytoplasm cytoskeleton ribosome nucleolus endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Golgi apparatus vacuole lysosome centriole mitochondrion chloroplast cell wall cilium flagellum

Section 4 Vocabulary diffusion dynamic equilibrium Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Vocabulary Section 4 diffusion dynamic equilibrium facilitated diffusion osmosis isotonic solution hypotonic solution hypertonic solution active transport endocytosis exocytosis

Visualizing Plant and Animal Cell Structures Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function Animation Plasma Membrane Visualizing Plant and Animal Cell Structures Diffusion, Channel Proteins, and Carrier Proteins Isotonic, Hypotonic, and Hypertonic Solutions Sodium-Potassium Pump