Ch 1 / Sect 3: Civilization Objective: Examine the indicators of civilization, including writing, labor specialization, cities, technology, trade, and political and cultural institutions.

Writing Public Social Classes Works Cities Organized Gov’ts Civilizations Writing Social Classes Organized Gov’ts Cities Complex Religion Art and Architecture Job Specialization Public Works

Villages Grow into Civilizations result of Neo/Agr Rev agr led to more organization - more food and larger pop = sedentary life (stay in one place)

1. Advanced Cities center of trade earliest ones near water source

2. Organized Central Gov’t gov’t necessary due to growing pop. - oversee food supply - make laws - protect citizens central control of ALL parts

3. Complex Religions explain worldly events earliest ones polytheistic

4. Job Specialization possible due to food surpluses experts at jobs, besides farming - artisans, craftsmen, religious/gov’t officials

5. Social Classes status w/in civ - more specialized = upper level - jobs anyone could do = lower level

6. Writing Systems growth of pop  info too great to memorize system to collect, organize, and categorize important info - trade - food storage - taxation

7. Art and Architecture express values - decoration and construction impress visitors

8. Public Works large products organized by gov’t to benefit civilians organized and protect people - walls for protection - bridges for transportation - irrigation for crops

Efficiency achieving a goal w/o wasting or using unnecessary resources - time - energy - materials - food different parts of a civ. work together to achieve success

Writing Public Social Classes Works Cities Organized Gov’ts Civilizations Writing Social Classes Organized Gov’ts Cities Complex Religion Art and Architecture Job Specialization Public Works