Containment U.S. policy to offset growing USSR threat to East Europe

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Presentation transcript:

Containment U.S. policy to offset growing USSR threat to East Europe Directed at blocking Soviet influences and stopping expansion of Communism Strategy - form alliances and help weak countries resist Soviet influence

The Truman Doctrine U.S. support for countries that rejected communism Controversial…implies U.S. intervention in other countries’ affairs Greece and Turkey were the first two to receive aid

The Marshall Plan WW II had devastated Europe U.S. policy makers did not want to repeat mistakes of post WWI U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall proposes a massive aid program to rebuild Europe from the ravages of World War II.

The Marshall Plan U.S goals restore war-torn nations to create stable democracies re-build capitalist countries for trading/economic partners Nearly $13 billion in U.S. aid was sent to Europe from 1948 to 1952. Food, machinery; other materials to rebuild The Soviet Union and Communist Eastern Europe decline U.S. aid, citing "dollar enslavement."

The Berlin Airlift 1948-1949 U.S and USSR clash over Germany Soviets want former enemy’s wealth divided U.S/France/ Britain withdraw forces from Germany and allow occupied zones to form their own government Soviets response - hold west Berlin hostage Cut off highway, water & rail traffic into Berlin’s western zones- faced starvation Thought Allies would surrender West Berlin BERLIN AIRLIFT – Allies fly in supplies to west Berlin for 11 months Soviets admit defeat and lift blockade

How Did the Threat of Nuclear War Develop? 1949-Soviets explode own atomic weapons Truman determined to develop more deadly weapon Authorizes creation of H-bomb in 1950 U.S completes H-bomb in1952, Soviets in 1953 1952 - new U.S. president… Pres. Dwight D. Eisenhower threatens if Soviets or supporters attack U.S interests, U.S will retaliate instantly

The Arms Race The Soviet Union exploded its first A-bomb in 1949. Now there were two nuclear superpowers!

How was the Cold War Fought? Foreign Aid: Two superpowers try to get allies and control other nations by giving financial aid and weapons to them 2. Propaganda: Both used propaganda to try to win support at home and overseas

How was the Cold War Fought? 3. Espionage: Superpowers spied on each other Brinkmanship: 5. Alliances NATO Warsaw Pact

What is Brinkmanship? Go to brink (edge) of war Need reliable source of nuclear weapons U.S produces stock piles of nucs Soviets respond with own nuc. buildup …Nuclear Arms race for four decades Brinksmanship depends on the principle of DETERRENCE Security is achieved if a country possesses weapons that can, in an instant, obliterate the enemy

NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) United States Belgium Britain Canada Denmark France Iceland Italy Luxemburg Netherlands Norway Portugal 1952: Greece & Turkey 1955: West Germany 1983: Spain

Warsaw Pact (1955) U. S. S. R. Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary Poland Rumania