Jets as a probe of the Quark Gluon Plasma

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Presentation transcript:

Jets as a probe of the Quark Gluon Plasma Christine Nattrass Yale University Goldhaber Lecture 2008

Outline What is a quark gluon plasma? Why do we want to study it? How do we study it? What have we learned? Conclusions

The structure of matter http://www.ehs.utoronto.ca/services/radiation/radtraining/module1.htm

Who was Gertrude Goldhaber? Beta decay – demonstrated that the beta particle was an electron Shell model – provided experimental evidence for closed shells in heavy nuclei Created first 3-D plot Gertrude Scharff Goldhaber July 14, 1911 — February 2, 1998 http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Goldhaber,_Gertrude_Scharff@812345678.html http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Beta-minus_Decay.svg http://universe-review.ca/I14-05-nuclearenergy.jpg http://www.nap.edu/html/biomems/ggoldhaber.html

Nucleons – the proton and neutron http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Quark_structure_neutron.svg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Quark_structure_proton.svg

Other particles - hadrons Baryons Mesons

The Standard Model Weak force Electromagnetic force Strong force http://e4.physik.uni-dortmund.de/bin/view/ATLAS/SmBilder?PhotoarchivePlugin_page=1&PhotoarchivePlugin_view=detailed

What keeps the nucleus together? distance strength Electromagnetic force Strong force

How to make a Quark Gluon Plasma

Evolution of the Universe 106 yrs 3 min 6 sec 2·10-6 sec 2 10-10 sec 10-35 sec 109 yrs ? 10-44 sec The universe gets cooler ! Reheating Matter ? ? Need temperatures around 1.5·1012 K ~106 times hotter than the core of the sun

Relativistic pancakes A heavy ion collision Relativistic pancakes Quark soup Explosive hadron soda

Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider STAR PHENIX PHOBOS BRAHMS 1.2k

The STAR detector Over 1,200 tons ~4m ~4m

Peripheral collision

Central collision ~2000 tracks

What are jets? Jets –hard scattering of partons (quarks and gluons) proton Jets –hard scattering of partons (quarks and gluons) Studied in dozens of experiments

Jets – azimuthal correlations p+p  dijet trigger Phys Rev Lett 90, 082302

Jets – azimuthal correlations p+p  dijet

Looking in two dimensions d+Au

In two dimensions in Au+Au nucl-ex/0701074

What I've studied Different systems and energies Different particles Cu+Cu √sNN = 200 GeV Cu+Cu √sNN = 62 GeV Au+Au √sNN = 62 GeV Different particles K0S,, Results: Jet looks like p+p, Ridge looks like the rest of the A+A collision Ridge grows with energy The fewer nucleons in the collision, the smaller the Ridge nucl-ex/0701074

Conclusions If we get nuclear matter dense enough, we make a new phase of matter This quark gluon plasma is similar to what was present in the early universe We can produce a QGP in heavy ion collisions We can study it using probes such as jets proton

Conclusions We see evidence of a hot, dense medium from studying jets at RHIC One of the jets almost disappears The other jet is modified dramatically

Many, many thanks to John Harris Helen Caines Jana Bielcikova The entire Yale group, past and present STAR