Lexical interface 4 Oct 30, 2017 – DAY 26 Brain & Language LING 4110-4890-5110-7960 NSCI 4110-4891-6110 Harry Howard Tulane University

Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 30-Oct-17 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Course organization http://www.tulane.edu/~h0Ward/BrLg/ Fun with https://www.facebook.com/BrLg17/

Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 30-Oct-17 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Quiz stats P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 P10 P11 tot MIN 4 5 6 AVG 7.7 8.2 8.4 9.1 9.0 8.8 MAX 10

Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 30-Oct-17 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Animate vs. inanimate Animate Inanimate many overlapping and inter-correlated features (legs, eyes, teeth), few distinctive features (mane, hump, pouch), and they are only weakly correlated with one another. ∴ animate concepts are easy to confuse with one another. few overlapping and inter-correlated features, relatively more distinctive features, and they tend to be more strongly correlated with one another. ∴ inanimate concepts are less easy to confuse with one another.

Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 30-Oct-17 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Problem Correlated feature theory cannot account for other patterns of impairment, such as cases in which artifacts are more poorly identified than living things.

Sensory/functional theory 30-Oct-17 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Sensory/functional theory Knowledge of objects organized into: networks of sensory features: form, motion, color, taste, etc., and networks of functional features: how, when, and where the object is typically used. A CSSD arises when one of these networks is disrupted animates are mostly comprised of sensory features; inanimates are mostly comprised of functional features.

Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 30-Oct-17 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University ThE lexical interface 4

Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 30-Oct-17 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University prototype theory

Which is best example of a bird? 30-Oct-17 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Which is best example of a bird?

Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 30-Oct-17 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Results

Levels of categorization 30-Oct-17 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Levels of categorization On a scale of 1 to 7, rate the following items as a good example of the category furniture. 1 chair 1 sofa 3 couch 3 table 5 easy chair 6 dresser 6 rocking chair 8 coffee table 9 rocker 10 love seat 11 chest of drawers 12 desk 13 bed http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototype_theory

Hierarchy of categories 30-Oct-17 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Hierarchy of categories domain level | basic or prototype subordinate

Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 30-Oct-17 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Basic is special Response Times: in which queries involving a prototypical member (e.g. is a robin a bird?) elicited faster response times than for non-prototypical members (e.g. is a penguin a bird?) . Priming: When primed with the higher-level (superordinate) category, subjects were faster in identifying if two words are the same. Thus, after flashing furniture, the equivalence of chair-chair is detected more rapidly than stove-stove. Exemplars: When asked to name a few exemplars, the more prototypical items came up more frequently. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototype_theory

Basic is really special 30-Oct-17 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Basic is really special 1) It is the highest level at which a single mental image can represent the entire category (you can’t get a mental image of vehicle or furniture). 2) It is the highest level at which category members have a similarly perceived overall shape. 3) It is the highest level at which a person uses similar motor actions for interacting with category members. 4) It is the level at which most of our knowledge is organized. http://www.defendingthetruth.com/topic/11257-what-is-a-basic-level-category/

Dual pathways in vision 30-Oct-17 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Dual pathways in vision https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-streams_hypothesis#/media/File:Ventral-dorsal_streams.svg

The what / ventral pathway (Palmeri & Gauthier 2004) 30-Oct-17 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University The what / ventral pathway (Palmeri & Gauthier 2004)

Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 30-Oct-17 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University Final project Improve a Wikipedia article about any of the topics mentioned in class or any other topic broadly related to neurolinguistics. Write a short essay explaining what you did and why you did it. Print the article before you improve it, highlighting any subtractions. Print the article after you improve it, highlighting your additions.

Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University 30-Oct-17 Brain & Language - Harry Howard - Tulane University NEXT TIME Finish the lexical interface: word semantics