Warm Up - 2/24/17 What were the Maryland Acts of Toleration? Who was James Oglethorpe?

New England Colonies

Back in England Official religion: Church of England (Anglican Church) What happen if you didn’t participate in the Church services? Prison or paid a fine Problems: No separation of church and state (gov’t sponsored church) King head of gov’t and ultimate head of church Still resembled some elements of Catholicism Not everyone was happy

Puritan……Pilgrim Puritans Pilgrims Wanted to “purify” the church Remove all traces of Catholicism Simplify church service Fix corruption Hoped for REFORM Saw their persecution as a test from God and needed to double their efforts Not everyone agree…some will lose faith in changing the Church and create own group… Called “Separatists” Believed Church of England too Catholic as well but refused to follow church at all Saw their souls doomed if cont. membership in a false church Forced to leave England b/c it was treason to reject the Anglican Church Fled to Holland and later go to Mass.

Pilgrims Leave Holland Peace treaty b/w Catholic Spain and Religious tolerant Holland about to end… Pilgrims had to leave Holland, return to England and find a way to New World Need $$$$$ A group of merchants formed joint stock company to help finance the move to New World Sponsored by the VA company Gives the Pilgrims a charter that grants them land in North America

New England The Plymouth Colony 1620 - Pilgrims left England and arrived in North America 102 passengers, led by William Bradford, depart on the Mayflower Difficult journey…..65 days Arrive in Plymouth, Massachusetts Originally had planned on settling further south 2nd permanent English settlement in America Before getting off the boat, they write The Mayflower Compact First ever plan for self-government in the colonies Upon their arrival in Mass., they quickly began building houses.

Mayflower Compact 41 MEN signed Form of direct democracy Agreed to be ruled by a gov’t chosen by the consent of the ppl William Bradford chosen governor of Plymouth Colony in annual elections Obey all laws made for the good of the whole group Early step in the colonist’s journey toward SELF-GOV’T and INDEPENDENCE from England

The First Winter Winter of 1620-1621 Food was scarce Only 44 out of the original 102 survived. None chose to leave in 1621 when the Mayflower sailed back. Fall of 1621  First “Thanksgiving.” Colony survived with: fur [especially beaver], fish, and lumber. Help from native Squanto Plymouth stayed small and economically unimportant. 1691  only 7,000 people Merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony.

More Religious Persecution 1625- Charles I becomes King of England Begins persecuting the Puritans even more Encourages them to leave Wealthy Puritans begin trying to get a new charter to form their own colony Create Massachusetts Bay Company 1629 - John Winthrop leads many Puritans to Massachusetts Looking for Religious freedom Becomes the first governor of Massachusetts Goals Make profit Create refuge for Puritans By 1643: 20,000 English settlers had arrived in New England

John Winthrop 1630 led about 500 Puritans to Mass. est. city of Boston Elected 1st governor of the Mass. Bay Colony Had a vision of the colony as a model for the world Gave a sermon “A Model of Christian Charity” He pictured the Mass. colonists in covenant with God and with each other, divinely ordained to build a “city upon a hill” in New England they thought they were perfect, a city on a hill that everyone else would admire and want to emulate.