Chapter 3 The English Colonies 1605-1752 Page 60

Section 1: The Virginia Colony Analyze reasons that people in England were interested in founding or joining a colony in America. Explain how the Jamestown colonists depended on American Indians, and how that relationship changed. Determine which crop was Virginia’s most important and who produced it.

A. Jamestown Sir Walter Raleigh’s failure set colonization back However, changing conditions in England pushed them to try again Rising population High unemployment Farming enclosure

Jamestown cont. April 26, 1607- Virginia Company landed 105 male colonist Chesapeake Bay Colonist ill-prepared- not workers or farmers By first winter, 2/3 dead John Smith largely responsible for survival ”If you don’t work, you don’t eat”

Starving Time Powhatan Confederacy- alliance of Natives newby. At times helped the colonist Relationship was strained John Smith was injured in 1609, left for England 400 more settler came By summer of 1610- only 60 left

B. Tobacco John Rolfe- cultivated tobacco, very popular in England Finally made the colony profitable John Rolfe later married Pocahontas Between 1620 and 1644 Colonist and Natives would fight off and on Natives led by leader Opechancanough Led to destruction of area natives Also led to Virginia becoming a royal colony

D. Tobacco Culture Wealthy colonist gained large tracts of lands with the headright system Established large farms- needed workers Indentured servants 1619- Slaves

E. Bacon’s Rebellion House of Burgesses- Virginia electoral assebly Nathaniel Bacon- unhappy settler led a riot that burned down Jamestown Revolt died out after Bacon died from Fever

Section 2: The Pilgrims Experience OBJECTIVES • Explain why the Pilgrims wanted to leave England. • Describe the Mayflower Compact and why it was important. • Discuss life in Plymouth.

A. Puritans and Pilgrims Puritans: Protestant group that wanted to “purify” the Church of England- kept too many Catholic traditions Sects: Separatists Pilgrims- left England to escape persecution 1607 went to Netherlands

B. Plymouth Pilgrims unhappy in the Netherlands 1620: more than 100 passengers leave on Mayflower Leader: William Bradford Supposed to land in Virginia, instead far north in Massachusetts Created the Mayflower Compact before landing Would all follow just and equal laws Nearly half died in first winter

C. Samoset and Squanto Samoset introduced Pilgrims to Squanto Squanto was fluent in English: How? Squanto taught Pilgrims how to farm and fertilize soil To celebrate first harvest, William Bradford invited chief Massasoit and 90 other Wampanoag guest to first Thanksgiving

D. The Pilgrim Community Traded with natives In 20 years, bought land from Plymouth colony investors Families were important, unlike Virginia colony Women had more legal rights than women in England

Section 3: The New England Colonies OBJECTIVES Analyze reasons that people in England were interested in founding or joining a colony in America. Explain how the Jamestown colonists depended on American Indians, and how that relationship changed. Determine which crop was Virginia’s most important and who produced it.

A. The Great Migration Conditions in England not great 1620’s-1630’s- bad economy and high taxes Civil War breaks out between Oliver Cromwell and King Charles I Great Migration: 80,000 Englishmen go to New World Dissenters

B. Massachusetts Bay Colony Massachusetts Bay Company granted charter in 1629 by King John Winthrop- Governor- believed in Covenant Arrive 1630 Success- worked well with already established Plymouth Boston became capital 1680- New Hampshire become royal colony

C. New England Way Tradition of Self government Town hall meetings Church and Puritan lifestyle important Economy- most people middle class Focused on growing food- not tobacco Family very important 1647- passed law requiring parents to educate children Stressed reading and writing Harvard

D. Dissent Thomas Hooker founded Connecticut- created Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- allowed more people to vote Roger Williams- also left Massachusetts- 1636 founded Rhode Island Disagreed with how natives were treated Anne Hutchinson- criticized the church- said women should have more rights- banished Also left for Rhode Island

E. Salem Witch Trials 1690’s Colonist brought witchcraft beliefs with them Salem, MA 100 people accused 19 put to death

Section 4: Southern and Middle Colonies OBJECTIVES Analyze reasons that people in England were interested in founding or joining a colony in America. Explain how the Jamestown colonists depended on American Indians, and how that relationship changed. Determine which crop was Virginia’s most important and who produced it.

A. Maryland George Calvert- first Lord Baltimore Established Maryland for Catholics – 1632 Proprietor colony- owners controlled the govt Toleration Act of 1649- allowed freedom of worship for Christians in Maryland

B. The Carolinas Charles II gave land to supporters Eventually, Carolinas split officially in 1729 Most important port- Charles Town- Charleston Rice was staple crop- imported thousands of Africans to grow

C. New York and New Jersey General Peter Stuyvesant in control of New Netherland Englishman Duke of York: forced Stuyvesant to surrender the colony without firing a shot Became English colony New Jersey later broke off of New York to become own colony

D. Pennsylvania Quakers- another protestant sect, founded Pennsylvania Believed in equality for all before God Colony founded by William Penn Religious freedom for all Capital became Philadelphia- city of brotherly love Delaware eventually broke off of Pennsylvania in 1776

E. Georgia Charter granted to James Oglethorpe in 1732 Established for poor Englishmen to work off their debts Savannah most important city Oglethorpe outlawed slavery- didn’t last Eventually developed a plantation economy with thousands of slaves