Reference to one thing as another, implying a comparison. Analysing poetry 1 M Metaphor Reference to one thing as another, implying a comparison.

Explicit comparison of one thing to another using like or as. Analysing poetry 2 S Simile Explicit comparison of one thing to another using like or as.

3 Analysing poetry P Personification Reference to abstractions or inanimate objects as though they had human qualities or abilities.

4 Analysing poetry Al Alliteration Repetition of initial or medial consonants in two or more adjacent words.

5 Analysing poetry Ac Assonance Repetition of similar vowel sounds, preceded and followed by different consonants, in the stressed syllables of adjacent words.

Use of words whose sound correspond with their semantic value. 6 Analysing poetry O Onomatopoeia Use of words whose sound correspond with their semantic value.

Use of exaggerated terms for emphasis or effect. 7 Analysing poetry H Hyperbole Use of exaggerated terms for emphasis or effect.

Understatement used deliberately. 8 Analysing poetry L Litotes Understatement used deliberately.

attributing of human emotion and conduct to all aspects within nature 9 Analysing poetry PF Pathetic fallacy attributing of human emotion and conduct to all aspects within nature

Rq 10 Rhetorical Question Analysis words/techniques Asking a question for a purpose other than obtaining the information requested.

I 11 Irony Analysis words/techniques Using language in such a way as to convey a meaning opposite of what the terms used denote (often by exaggeration).

Ox 12 Oxymoron Analysis words/techniques Placing two ordinarily opposing terms adjacent to one another. A compressed paradox.

Px 13 Paradox Analysis words/techniques An apparently contradictory statement that contains a measure of truth.

the presentation of an object or image that represents something else 14 Analysis words/techniques Sy Symbolism the presentation of an object or image that represents something else

an implication or association attached to a word or phrase 15 Analysis words/techniques Cn Connotation an implication or association attached to a word or phrase

Pm 16 Parallelism Structures Analysis Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.

Juxtaposition of contrasting ideas (often in parallel structure). 17 Structures Analysis As Antithesis Juxtaposition of contrasting ideas (often in parallel structure).

C 18 Climax Structures Analysis Generally, the arrangement of words, phrases, or clauses in an order of increasing importance, often in parallel structure.

Sp 19 Syllepsis Structures Analysis Using a word differently in relation to two or more words that it modifies or governs

Au 20 Auxesis Structures Analysis Reference to something with a name disproportionately greater than its nature (a kind of hyberbole).

Inversion of natural word order. 21 Structures Analysis Ae Anastrophe Inversion of natural word order.

Insertion of a verbal unit that interrupts normal syntactical flow. 22 Structures Analysis Pa Parenthesis Insertion of a verbal unit that interrupts normal syntactical flow.

Addition of an adjacent, coordinate, explanatory element. 23 Structures Analysis Ap Apposition Addition of an adjacent, coordinate, explanatory element.

Omission of a word or words readily implied by context 24 Structures Analysis E Ellipsis Omission of a word or words readily implied by context

a word that joins single words, phrases or sentences 25 Language Analysis Co Conjunction a word that joins single words, phrases or sentences

a word that shows the relationships between things 26 Language Analysis Pr Preposition a word that shows the relationships between things

A word used to name a person, place or thing 27 Language Analysis Nn Noun A word used to name a person, place or thing

a word that describes an action, state or occurrence 28 Language Analysis Vb Verb a word that describes an action, state or occurrence

a word that describes or modifies a noun 29 Language Analysis Aj Adjective a word that describes or modifies a noun

a word that describes or modifies a verb 30 Language Analysis Av Adverb a word that describes or modifies a verb

a word that stands in for somebody or something previously mentioned 31 Language Analysis Pn Pronoun a word that stands in for somebody or something previously mentioned

EL 32 Emotive Language Language Analysis the deliberate choice of words to elicit emotion (usually to influence)

Language used to provoke laughter and provide amusement. 33 Language Analysis Hu Humour Language used to provoke laughter and provide amusement.

Fl 34 Flattery Language Analysis excessive and insincere praise, given especially to further one's own interests

A technique where an idea is presented in three different ways 35 Language Analysis Tr Triples (rule 3) A technique where an idea is presented in three different ways

36 Sentence/Word level De Declarative Sentence Makes a statement

Gives a command, direction or makes a request 37 Sentence/Word level Im Imperative Sentence Gives a command, direction or makes a request

Interrogative Sentence 38 Sentence/Word level In Interrogative Sentence Asks a question

Expresses a strong feeling or emotion 39 Sentence/Word level Ex Exclamatory Sentence Expresses a strong feeling or emotion

Se 40 Sentence (types) Sentence/Word level A group of words which are grammatically connected to each other. (Simple, Complex and Compound)