Meeting II Naim Rochmawati Ricky Eka Putra English 1 Meeting II Naim Rochmawati Ricky Eka Putra

Deteminers

Definite Articles The A/An To refer to something this has already been mentioned.  An elephant and a mouse fell in love. The mouse loved the elephant's long trunk, and the elephant loved the mouse's tiny nose. When both the speaker and listener know what is being talked about, even if it has not been mentioned before.  Could you open the door, please? In sentences or clauses where we define or identify a particular person or object.  My house is the one with a blue door. To refer to objects we regard as unique.  The sun sets in the west. With names of geographical areas and oceans.  They have their honeymoon in the Yacht the Caribbean With decades, or groups of years.  she grew up in the seventies A/An

Definite Articles The A/An To refer to something for the first time  An elephant and a mouse fell in love. To refer to a particular member of a group or class; To refer to a kind of, or example of something.  it was a very strange car With singular nouns, after the words 'what' and 'such'  She's such a beautiful Meaning 'one', referring to a single object or person  The burglar took a diamond necklace and a valuable painting

Indefinite Articles No article with names of countries (if singular)  Germany is an important economic power (But : I'm visiting the United States next week.) with the names of languages  English uses many words of Latin origin with the names of meals.  Breakfast is the first meal of the day. with people's names (if singular): John's coming to the party  George King is my uncle. (But : we're having lunch with the Morgans tomorrow.)

Indefinite Articles (1) No articles with titles and names  President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. (But : the Queen of England, the Pope.) After the 's possessive case  His brother's car. with professions  Engineering is a useful career with years 1948 was a wonderful year. with uncountable nouns  Rice is the main food in Asia. with the names of individual mountains, lakes and islands  Mount McKinley is the highest mountain in Alaska. with most names of towns, streets, stations and airports  Victoria Station is in the centre of London

Demonstratives The demonstratives this, that, these, those show where an object or person is in relation to the speaker. this (singular) and these (plural) refer to an object or person near the speaker. that (singular) and those (plural) refer to an object or person further away. It can be a physical closeness or distance as in the following examples.

Examples of Demonstratives This car looks cleaner than that one. This old world keeps turning round I would like some of those cookies on that shelf. These dolls on the table here are very old.

Quantifiers An expression of quantity (many, much, few, little) may precede a noun. Pay attention that some expressions of quantity are used only with count nouns; some only with noncount nouns. Some with either count or noncount nouns

Quantifiers (1) Using a few and a little Using few and little a few and a little give a positive idea; they indicate that something exists, is present Examples : She is a new students but she has made a few friends. (positive idea : she has made some friends) I’m very pleased. I’ve been able to save a little money this month. (positive idea : I have save some money instead of spending all of it) Using few and little

Quantifiers (2) Using a few and a little Using few and little few and little (without a) give a negative idea; they indicate that something is largely absent. very (+few/little) makes the negative idea stronger, the amount/the number smaller. Examples : I am very sorry for her. She has very few friends, (negative idea : she does not have many friends; she has almost no friends) I have very little money. I don’t even have enough money to buy food for dinner. (negative idea : I do not have much money, I have almost no money)

Quantifiers (3) Using much and many Using some and any much and many mainly used in negative sentences Examples : I don’t have much money There aren’t many new species here. much and many mainly used in questions How much water do you consume every day? How many cigarettes do you smoke in a day? Using some and any Some : we some in affirmative sentences Any : we use any in negative sentences and most in questions (but not all)

Quantifiers (4) Using some and any Affirmative: There are some apples.   (We don't know how many, but the bowl is not empty) Negative: There aren't any apples.    (The bowl is empty) Interogative: Are there any apples?    (We want to know if   the bowl contains apples)

Quantifiers (5) Using enough Enough follows an adjective  I am strong enough to lift that box. I can lift it. Enough may precede a noun  I have enough strength to lift that box. Enough may follow a noun  I have strength enough to lift that box.

Exercise We took a new routes to the beach house. We took a new route to the beach house. He gave too many different reasons for his actions. He gave too many different reason for his actions. You need to show a little kindness then she will be yours. You need to show a few kindness then she will be yours.

Exercise (1) There are any children playing in the park. There are some children playing in the park. There were not much people came to his birthday party. There were not many people came to his birthday party

Word Order

Word Order in Adjective 1. Determiners 2. Opinion 3. Fact 3.1. Size 3.2. Age 3.3. Shape 3.4. Color 3.5. Origin 3.6. Material 3.7. Purpose 4. Noun

Exercise young, man, English, a, silly metal, round, huge, bowls, two small, red, some, bags, sleeping A silly young English man Two huge round metal bowls Some small red sleeping bags

Word Order in Sentence

WO for A Simple Sentence Subject Verb(s) Object Examples : I speak English I can speak English

WO in an Affirmative Sentence and Negative Sentence Subject Verb Indirect Object Direct Object Place Time Example : I will tell you the story at school tomorrow It’s same with An Affirmative Sentence Example : I will not tell you the story at school tomorrow

Position of Time Expression Subject Verb Indirect Object Direct Object Time Example : I will tell you the story (tomorrow, recently now, then, yesterday)

Position of Adverbs Adverbs of Frequency Exercise Subject Auxiliary/be Main verb Object, Place or Time Exercise Go swimming, in the evenings, often, I Always, doesn’t, play, tennis, he Usually, are, we, here in summer Have, never, abroad, been, I I often go swimming in the evenings He doesn’t always play tennis We are usually here in summer I have never been abroad

Position of Adverbs (1) Adverb of Manner Exercise These adverbs are put behind the direct object (or behind the verb if there's no direct object). Subject Verb (s) Direct Object Adverb Exercise The car, drove, carefully, he I, him, here, didn’t see Behind he stayed these adverbs are put behind the direct object or the verb He drove the car carefully I didn’t see him hereHe stayed behind

Position of Adverbs (2) Adverb of Time Subject Verb (s) Indirect Object Direct Object Time Adverbs of time are usually put at the end of the sentence I will tell you the story tomorrow

Subject Auxiliary Word Inversion

Inversion In normal everyday English, inversion is used : to make questions : does he? can you?    after so, neither, nor : so do I, neither do I. In written English, as well as in a very formal style, inversion is used in the following cases : At no time did she say she would come.  After negative adverbial expressions On the doorstep was a bunch of flowers.  After adverbial expressions of place Seldom have I seen such a beautiful view.  After seldom, rarely, never No sooner had I arrived than they all started to argue  After hardly, scarcely, no sooner, when one thing happens after another Only after the meeting did I realize the importance of the subject  After adverbial expressions beginning with 'only' Here comes the winner!  After exclamations with here and there

Exercise State whether the statements are correct or incorrect. I am interested in buying a wonderful old Italian clock. I am interested in buying an old wonderful Italian clock. My husband really wants to have some slim new French trousers. My husband really wants to have some French slim new trousers Sonya always goes to school on foot because her school is very close to her house. Sonya goes always to school on foot because her school is very close to her house. Never I have seen such a great movie. Never have I seen such a great movie. Only after the car crash have they become careful drivers. Only after the car crash they have become careful drivers.