Federalism

Defining Federalism What is Federalism? Intergovernmental Relations - Definition: A way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the land and people. Intergovernmental Relations - Definition: The workings of the federal system- the entire set of interactions among national, state and local governments. Monday

Defining Federalism: please copy down the chart below as a reference for later. Monday

Defining Federalism Why is Federalism so important? Think about the question, and once you come up with an answer, tell the person to your left. Tuesday

The Constitutional Basis of Federalism The Division of Power Establishing National Supremacy State’s Obligations to Each Other Tuesday The Division of Power Supremacy Clause The U.S. Constitution Laws of Congress Treaties State Constitutions State Laws Establishing National Supremacy Implied Powers Commerce Powers The Civil War The Struggle for Racial Equality States’ Obligations to Each Other Full Faith and Credit Extradition Privileges and Immunities

Understanding Federalism Advantages for Democracy Increasing access to government Local problems can be solved locally Hard for political parties / interest groups to dominate ALL politics Disadvantages for Democracy States have different levels of service Local interest can counteract national interests Too many levels of government - too much money Block Day

Vocab to Know Dual Federalism (Layer Cake Federalism)- Where states and the national government remain supreme within their own roles. National: Military, Foreign Policy, Post Office State: schools, roads, law enforcement Tuesday Dual Federalism Definition: A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies. Like a layer cake Ended in the 1930’s Cooperative Federalism Definition: A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. Shared costs Shared administration States follow federal guidelines

Cooperative Federalism (Marble Cake Federalism)- Where the power is shared both by the national government and the state. Education: State’s responsibility/ Federal Mandates Medicade: State Managed/ Federally Funded

Reserved Powers- Powers reserved to the states or the federal government ONLY. No sharing here Military, Declaring War, Ambassadors Concurrent Powers- Powers shared between the states and the Federal Gov. Tax, build roads, establish court systems

Intergovernmental Relations Today Fiscal Federalism: Please write down ALL terms please The Grant System: Distributing the Federal Pie Categorical: $ can only be used for a specific purpose. Block: states and communities decide how to spend the $, broad range Mandates: Congress may/may not give $, but states are REQUIRED to do what is asked Tuesday: Categorical Grants: Federal grants that can be used for specific purposes. They have strings attached. Project Grants: based on merit Formula Grants: amount varies based on formulas Block Grants: Federal grants given more or less automatically to support broad programs. Grants are given to states & local governments The Scramble for Federal Dollars $400 billion in grants every year Universalism - a little something for everybody The Mandate Blues Mandates direct states or local governments to comply with federal rules under threat of penalties or as a condition of receipt of a federal grant. Unfunded mandates are requirements on state & local governments - but no money

Intergovernmental Relations Today For each of the following graphs & charts, analyze the information and explain how the information represents “New Federalism”. Tuesday: Categorical Grants: Federal grants that can be used for specific purposes. They have strings attached. Project Grants: based on merit Formula Grants: amount varies based on formulas Block Grants: Federal grants given more or less automatically to support broad programs. Grants are given to states & local governments The Scramble for Federal Dollars $400 billion in grants every year Universalism - a little something for everybody The Mandate Blues Mandates direct states or local governments to comply with federal rules under threat of penalties or as a condition of receipt of a federal grant. Unfunded mandates are requirements on state & local governments - but no money

Intergovernmental Relations Today Federal Grants to State and Local Governments (Figure 3.1) Tuesday: Reading Charts 101

Intergovernmental Relations Today Fiscal Federalism Tuesday Reading Charts 101 Define Fiscal Federalism: Definition: The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government’s relations with state and local governments. Figure 3.2

Understanding Federalism State Welfare Benefits (Figure 3.3) Block Day: Reading Charts 101

Understanding Federalism Spending on Public Education (Figure 3.4) Block Day: Reading Charts 101

Understanding Federalism Block Day

Understanding Federalism The Public Sector and the Federal System (Figure 3.5) Block Day: Reading Charts 101

Who Regulates Guns? Feds: States: Interstate Transport Brady Bill 5 day wait period (Unconstitutional) Federal Background Check (Unconstitutional) Assault Weapons Ban Lapsed in 2004 Child Access Prevention Concealed weapons Private Sales to Minors Secondary Sales Waiting Periods Licensing (if there is any) Interstate Transport: Based on Constitutionally reserved powers. Includes “Safe Passge” laws that allow you to lawfully carry a firearm through a state if you are just passing through. Can get you for a federal felony if you cross state lines with a firearm and commit a crime. Brady Bill (1994) attempted to regulate by mandating background checks and waiting periods. This was struck down by the courts(1997) 1994, Assult Weapons Ban got rid of 19 kinds of military-style assault weapons, allowed to sunset in 2004, so is no longer law. Child Access Prevention: Most states have laws that seek to prevent children from getting their hands on guns, including ownership Concealed Weapons: State by state whether they are open carry, concealed carry, etc. Secondary Sales: Gunshow Loophole Licensing: Some states require licensing, others don’t.

Answer both questions, and take a clear side on this issue. Should gun control be entirely a federally regulated issue? Or should gun control remain largely regulated by individual states? Who (federal or states) is best suited to solve the problem? Who is best suited to pay for it? Tuesday